隧道及地下工程作业环境中职业性有害因素防控措施及有关问题的思考

虽然建筑行业已普及了职业健康安全管理体系的认证工作,但由于种种原因,职业健康管理始终是薄弱环节,隧道及地下工程作业空间相对密闭,尤其是钻爆法施工的隧道及地下工程,情况更不容乐观。为引起业内人士对职业健康管理工作的重视,根据国家在职业健康方面的法律法规、规范标准,结合隧道及地下工程特点,系统分析了钻爆法施工的隧道和地下工程作业环境中职业性有害因素的种类、特点及现状,从法规标准、政府监督、安全投入、现场管理、防控技术推广与使用等多方面提出了综合性预防措施,其中对防控技术推广与使用做了重点介绍,指出确保职业健康管理体系有效运行的关键在于政府重视、费用合理、劳动保护用品合格,在隧道及地下工程领域应当重视对作业环境中有害因素的监控、分析以及对施工技术及装备研发的引导与扶持。

Prevention and Control of Factors That Have Influence on Occupational Health in Construction of Tunnels and Underground Works

Occupational health management is still a weak point, especially in tunnels and underground works construc- ted by drill and blast method due to the confined working environment, although occupational health management system has been popularized in the field of tunnels and underground works. The classification, characteristics and state-of-art of factors that have influence on the occupational health in tunnels and underground works constructed by drill and blast method are analyzed. A series of comprehensive countermeasures are proposed in terms of laws and standards, govern- ment supervision, safety-guarantee resources, site management and popularization and application of prevention and con- trol technologies. It is stated that the key to ensure the effective operation of the occupational health management system lies the government management, rational cost and qualified personal protection equipment. In the field of tunnels and underground works, attention should be paid to the monitoring and analysis of the harmful factors, as well as to the ap- plication of new construction technologies and new construction equipment.