从工程科学走向工程技术——新时期交通与运载工程学科发展与展望

国家自然科学基金委员会积极推进基金改革，设立技术科学板块，面向国家重大需求和经济主战场，解决需求背后的核心技术科学问题，推动科研范式改革。交通与运载工程学科作为科学基金技术板块的重要组成部分，应当积极响应，及时调整学科资助政策。小学科，大行业，交通与运载工程学科研究呈现需求牵引、面向未来、技术集成、交叉融通的特点，需要进一步重视各交通体系交通诸要素的差异性和独特性，反对脱离行业、脱离应用对象，盲目梳理所谓的共性工程科学问题。推动基于RAMS(可靠性(Reliability)、可用性(Availability)、可维护性(Maintainability)和安全性(Safety))理论的工程科学与工程技术评价体系建设，关注各交通体系自身的特点及科学基础差异，强化其在重大、重点、人才等重要项目立项建议遴选、评审及成果后评估各环节中的应用，加快科学成果转化，支撑“交通强国”建设。 

From engineering science towards engineering technology:development and prospect of transportation and vehicle engineering in new era

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has actively promoted its reform, and has developed the technology and science sector. According to the essential requirements and main economic challenges of China, the NSFC has attempted to solve the underlying core technical and scientific problems and has stimulated the scientific research. As an important part of NSFC's technology sector, the transportation and vehicle engineering discipline should seriously and proactively respond to the NFSC targets and adjust to its funding policy in the discipline in a timely manner. Transportation and vehicle engineering studies are demand-driven and future-oriented. They integrate various types of technology and bring different fields together. In this study, the differences between transportation elements of different transportation systems and their uniqueness were analyzed from the perspective of "small discipline, large industry" to avoid blind sorting of the so-called "common scientific problems" of industry and applications. The development of an engineering science and engineering technology evaluation system based on RAMS theory, i.e., reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety, was proposed. The characteristics of each transportation system and the differences in their scientific bases were carefully examined to establish a selection method for key funding directions and feasible technical routes based on RAMS. In this way, the application of the proposed method can be boosted in project approval, application, evaluation, and post evaluation. The rapid and efficient transformation of scientific achievements can then be realized such that China can become a great transportation power. 8 refs.