考虑非机动车影响的直线式单泊位公交停靠站设置优化

为了降低非机动车对沿人行道设置的公交停靠站周边交通的影响，对直线式单泊位公交停靠站设置进行优化。选取重庆市6个沿人行道设置的单泊位公交停靠站进行调研，分析非机动车车道宽度、公交车停靠站长度、当量交通量、非机动车速度等参数与3类冲突率(非机动车与公交车3种形态的追尾与横向冲突率)的相关关系，拟合得到回归方程。根据回归方程和相关性系数建立交通冲突预测模型，并对模型进行验证，预测模型误差均小于10%。研究表明：当非机动车道设置宽度在3.5~4.0 m、直线式单泊位公交停靠站设置长度在16~18 m时，3类冲突率最低。当量交通量达到700 pcu/h之后，冲突率趋于平稳；此时非机动车速度仍不宜大于6 m/s。选取2个公交车停靠站进行冲突率预测，并对其进行安全等级评价。以冲突率最低值作为约束条件，对沿人行道设置的直线式单泊位公交停靠站进行优化。研究成果可为公交停靠站周边区域的交通管理和规划设计提供理论依据。

Optimization of Single-berth Curbside Bus Stops Considering Impacts of Non-motorized Vehicles

Single-berth curbside bus stops are optimized to reduce the impacts of non-motorized vehicles on traffic flows around the bus stops along with sidewalks. Six single-berth curbside bus stops in the City of Chongqing are selected for case studies, with the analysis of the correlation among parameters including non-motorized vehicle lane width, length of bus stop, equivalent traffic volume, non-motorized vehicle speed, and three types of conflict rates(three types of rear-end conflict and horizontal conflict rates of non-motor vehicles and buses). In addition, regression models are developed in order to predict traffic conflicts. It is found that the prediction error of the prediction model is less than 10%. It is also found that when the width of the non-motorized lane is 3.5~4.0 m and the length of the single-berth curbside bus stop is 16~18 m, the conflict rate of the three types is the lowest. When the equivalent traffic volume reaches 700 pcu/h, the conflict rate becomes stable, and the speed of non-motorized vehicles should not be more than 6 m/s. Two bus stops are selected to predict the conflict rate and evaluate their safety levels. The lowest value of the conflict rate is used as a constraint to optimize the linear single-berth bus stops along the sidewalk. It is believed that the conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for traffic management around bus stops and planning, and design of related facilities.