无人货物运输船的法律冲突及协调

以无人货物运输船技术特点为视角,系统检视国内外法律和国际海事条约有关船舶定义、船员定义、船舶碰撞、海难救助及共同海损等规定。研究结果表明:无人货物运输船在无人船法律地位的识别、正规瞭望的判定标准、救生设备的配备标准、施救的条件、救助的方式和共同海损的适用条件等方面与现行海事海商法律制度存在冲突。为进一步鼓励无人货物运输船的发展、增强我国国际话语权,应在国际海事技术规范和国内海事海商法律等方面积极协调法律冲突。

Legal Conflict and Coordination with Regard to Unmanned Cargo Ships

The rules in national maritime laws and international maritime treaties are systematially reviewed from the angle of the technical characteristics of unmanned cargo ships, covering the definitions of ship and seafarer, the collision, the salvage and general average. The research indicates that the legal conflicts of law with regard to unmanned ships exist in the identification of the legal status of unmanned ships, the criterion of proper lookout, the requirements for life saving appliances, the salvage conditions, the salvage methods and the application conditions of general average, etc. The legal conflicts with regard to unmanned ships should be addressed so as to promote the development of unmanned ships. China should make revision of domestic maritime laws as early as possible and be active in international cooperation on global maritime technical standard development.