中国交通运输经济发展与碳排放效率评价

为评价交通运输经济与碳排放绩效，探寻经济和碳减排双赢的改进路径，提出交通运输经济效率、碳排放效率及联合效率概念。针对中国30个省市区，以资本存量、煤类消费量、油类消费量、新能源消费量、从业人员作为投入要素，交通运输综合换算周转量和行业增加值作为期望产出，CO₂排放量作为非期望产出，采用RAM模型测度评估中国30个省市区的交通运输行业经济、碳排放及联合效率，探究3种效率的分布特征及变动规律，并利用非效率分解模型研究非效率来源，探索改进方向。研究结果表明：各省市区之间的交通运输经济效率、碳排放效率和联合效率均存在明显差异，且东部、中部、西部和东北地区呈现不同的梯度分布特性；2006~2016年的经济效率、碳排放效率及联合效率总体上可以分为2个阶段，第1阶段为2006~2011年，经济效率、碳排放效率和联合效率均呈波动上升，第2阶段为2011~2016年，经济效率、碳排放效率和联合效率轻微波动，并逐渐趋于平稳。非效率分解模型表明：能源过度消耗是经济效率、碳排放效率和联合效率的主要非效率来源；CO₂过度排放是碳排放效率和联合效率非效率的主要来源；行业增加值产出不足是经济效率和联合效率非效率的主要来源。这说明推广新能源，提升交通运输运营效率，革新交通减排技术是能够实现双赢的重要路径。

China's Transportation Economy Development and Carbon Environmental Efficiency Evaluation

To evaluate the performance of transportation economy and carbon emissions and to explore the win-win combination of economic development and carbon emission reduction, this study proposes the concepts of industry economic efficiency, carbon emission efficiency, and joint efficiency. These three efficiencies were then measured for China's 30 provinces using the range adjusted measure (RAM), which used the capital stock, coal consumption, oil consumption, new-energy consumption, and number of employees as inputs and the comprehensive conversion turnover, industry added value, and CO₂ emissions as outputs. Subsequently, the distribution characteristics and tendency of the efficiency measures were explored, and the model of efficiency decomposition was used to study the source of non-efficiency. The results show that:① The degrees of transportation operational economy efficiency, carbon emission efficiency, and unified efficiency are different for each province, and the efficiencies of the eastern, central, western, and northeast parts of China have gradient distribution features. ② The industry, carbon emission, and joint efficiencies can each be divided into two phases. The efficiencies are observed to increase in volatility during 2006-2011, whereas they decrease slightly and then vary steadily between 2011-2016. ③ The results of the non-efficiency decomposition model indicates that excessive energy consumption is the main source of non-efficiency for all three efficiency measures. Further, excessive CO₂ emission is the main source of inefficiency for both the carbon emission efficiency and unified efficiency. The insufficiency of the industry's value-add is the main source of inefficiency for the economic and unified efficiencies. This shows that the promotion of new-energy modes, improvement of transportation operation efficiency, and innovation of transportation emission reduction technology is important to develop a win-win combination.