基于单一线列阵的水下测速技术研究

利用水下声音可有效传播特征，提出了利用单一线列阵测试水下运动目标速度的方法．利用不同时刻运动目标和线列阵之间的几何关系，建立了速度测试的数学模型．本文介绍了最大拟然算法和信号相位匹配原理算法，用于高精度求解运动目标的方位角（DOA）．对速度测试误差影响的关键因素进行了分析，提出了测试系统组成：在运动目标相隔一定距离部位上安装两发射不同频率的换能器，在距运动目标不远处布上装有电子罗盘和深度传感器的线列阵，同时配备有信号采集记录仪．推导了系统特别是线列阵的参数要求．考虑工程上实际误差并进行仿真计算，仿真计算表明，一个孔径小于1m的16元阵均匀线列阵的速度测试误差小于4％．消声水池和水库试验进一步验证了模型和仿真计算的正确性．

Using a linear array to estimate the velocity of underwater moving targets

A new method uses a linear array that takes advantage of underwater physical sound fields to estimate the velocity of an underwater moving target. The mathematical model was established by considering the geometric relationship between the moving target installed with only two transducers to radiate sound of different frequencies and the linear array. In addition, deterministic maximum likelihood and signal phase matching algorithms were introduced to effectively find the directions of arrival (DOAs) of the sound sources of the two transducers installed on the target. Factors causing velocity measurement errors were considered. To track the target, a linear array with a compass, a pressure transducer, a signal conditioner and a digital recorder was configured. Relevant requirements for the array parameters were derived. The simulation showed that a 16-element array with an aperture of less than 1m can measure velocity with relative error of no more than 4% when including typical system errors. Anechoic pool and reservoir experiments confirmed these results.