基于离散价格的高铁差异化定价优化研究

与现有大多数结果为连续值的高铁动车组定价理论不同,本文提出一种基于离散价格的高铁动车组差异化定价优化模型。首先设置离散的折扣率档位,再将旅客群体按照价格敏感性分类,考虑出发到达时间不在同一时间段给旅客带来额外机会成本的情况下分别得到各群体旅客乘车广义费用函数,基于广义费用函数估计总体旅客弹性需求函数,构建基于收益最大化为目标的多列车多区段下的线性整数规划模型,最后采用粒子群算法进行求解。算例结果表明,采用本文提出的优化方法能够显著提升列车的整体收益,同时可以将定价理论中输出最优价格为连续值的情况看做是基于离散价格定价优化问题的一个特殊情况,基于离散价格的假设应该更接近于定价优化问题的实际,应得到更多的关注。

Differential Pricing Optimization of High-speed RailwaysBased on Discrete Price

Different from most existing studies focusing on continuous pricing, this paper proposes a differentiatedpricing optimization model for high-speed railways based on discrete prices. Firstly, a set of discrete discount rates isset, and railway passengers are classified according to their price sensitivity. Considering that the departure and arrivaltimes in the different periods bring additional opportunity costs to passengers, a generalized cost function for eachgroup of passengers is obtained, which is summarized as the overall passenger elastic demand function. We develop alinear integer programming model with multi trains and multi sections with an objective of revenue maximization.Finally, a PSO algorithm is used to solve the model. The numerical results show that the optimization model proposedin this paper can significantly improve the overall revenue. Moreover, the case using the continuous optimal price inmost pricing theories can be regarded as a special case of the discrete pricing optimization problem. The discretepricing fits the practice better, which should be attracted more attention