基于线性诱导的公路隧道入口区域交通安全优化研究

为达到驾驶人早发现隧道洞门、早适应环境变化、早决策驾驶行为的目的，通过分析隧道入口区域行车环境下的视距视区与交通安全问题，借鉴常见的线条形视线诱导设施（如反光环、反光条、弹性交通柱等），构建隧道线性诱导系统，并提出基于线性诱导的隧道入口区域改善方法。另外，通过室内模拟试验，采集白天与夜间环境下注视点的位置数据； 将注视区域分为5类，并分析注视点在各区域的视觉转移特性，评价隧道入口区域改善前后的效果。结果表明： 1）隧道线性诱导系统具备形式多样、较大尺寸、可以勾勒轮廓、发光分散等特点，同时可以以低成本提升隧道光环境的安全性。2）隧道入口区域改善前，驾驶人的注视点以较大概率出现在前方近处。3）改善后，驾驶人的注视点以较大的概率出现在前方远处，表明改善方案使得驾驶人的视距充足； 改善后注视点在主要分布区域的注视概率变动比改善前更为缓和，表明驾驶人的视区变化得到缓解。

Traffic Safety Optimization of Entrance Section in Highway Tunnels Based on Linear Guiding

To enable the drivers to see the tunnel portal early, adapt to environmental changes early, and make driving decisions early, the sight distance, sight zone, and traffic safety in the tunnel entrance sections are analyzed, a concept of linear guiding system is established using common linear visual guiding facilities such as retroreflective rings, retroreflective strip, and elastic traffic column, and the improving methods in tunnel entrance sections based on linear guiding are proposed. Additionally, the data of gaze position at daytime and nighttime are collected through indoor simulation tests, and the fixation zone is divided into 5 categories to analyze the visual transfer characteristics of the gaze points in each zone and evaluate the effect before and after the improvement of the tunnel entrance zone. The results reveal the following: (1) The linear guiding system in tunnels has the characteristics of diverse forms, large size, prominent contour, and scattered light, which can improve the safety of tunnel lighting at a low cost. (2) Before the tunnel entrance zone is improved, the drivers′ gaze points probably appear near the front. (3) After the improvement, the drivers′ gaze points probably appear far ahead, indicating that the improvement scheme makes the drivers′ sight distance sufficient. The change of fixation probability in the main distribution zone of fixation points after improvement is more moderate than that before improvement, indicating that the change of drivers′ sight zone has been alleviated.