极地船舶核心关键基础技术现状及我国发展对策

极地具有气候环境极端恶劣、海气交换强烈、湿度很大等特点，在此航行（或冰区航行）的船舶和海洋平台结构表面极易形成覆冰，它不仅影响设备操作，更直接威胁到船舶和海洋平台的安全。对国内外极地航行船舶及海洋平台防冰和除冰技术的现状进行综述。首先，介绍覆冰对极地航行船舶及海洋平台不同部位的影响和危害程度。然后，归纳和分析国内外现有防冰和除冰方法与技术，包括电加热、红外线、超声导波等主动除冰方法，以及超疏水涂层、牺牲性涂层、水润滑涂层以及低交联度界面滑移涂层等被动除冰方法。最后，总结现有防冰和除冰技术在极地航行船舶及海洋平台上的适用性及优缺点，为极地航行船舶及海洋平台的防除冰设计提供参考。

Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the arctic

The polar regions present adverse circumstances of high humidity and strong air-sea exchange. As such, the surfaces of ships and platforms (oil exploiting and drilling platforms) serving in polar regions can easily be frozen by ice accretion, which not only affects the operation of the equipment but also threatens safety. This paper summarizes the status of the anti-icing/deicing technologies of both China and abroad for polar ships and offshore platforms, and introduces the various effects of ice accretion on polar ships and offshore platforms, and the resulting safety impacts. It then reviews existing anti-icing/deicing technologies and methods of both China and abroad, including such active deicing methods as electric heating, infrared heating and ultrasonic guided wave deicing, as well as such passive deicing methods as super hydrophobic coating, sacrificial coating, aqueous lubricating layer coating and low cross-link density (with interfacial slippage) coating, summarizes their applicability to polar ships and offshore platforms, and finally discusses their advantages/disadvantages.