拟建新街-恩格阿娄铁路沿线生态环境现状的综合评价及对策

根据研究地区2008年9月的卫星影像解译数据，全国第二次土壤侵蚀遥感调查资料，现场调查数据，环境状况公报数据以及统计年鉴数据，采用国家环境保护总局颁布的中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准HJ／T192--2006《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》制定的指标体系和计算方法，对拟建新街-恩格阿娄铁路两侧各300m的沿线带状区域的生态环境现状进行了综合评价和分析。结果表明，拟建铁路沿线的生物丰度指数为12．2，植被覆盖指数为14．7，水网密度指数为0，土地退化指数为62．4，环境质量指数为100，生态环境状况指数为34．3。根据国家生态环境状况分级标准判断，沿线环境现状属于较差级别，意味着沿线植被覆盖度较差，严重干旱少雨，物种较少，存在着明显限制人类生存的因素。沿线自然条件严酷，土壤贫瘠，植被稀疏，生态系统较为脆弱，以风力侵蚀为主的水土流失是沿线的主要生态环境问题，本文提出了改善沿线生态环境质量、减少水土流失的措施和对策。

Comprehensive Evaluation on Eco-environmental Status of the Belt Area along the Proposed Railway from Xinjie to Enge'alou and Its Environmental Protection Measures

Based on the interpretation data of satellite images in September, 2008, the national second remote sensing data of soil erosion, investigation data on the field, communique data of environment status and statistical data from yearbook, applying the state environmental protection standard （Technical Criterion for Eeo-environmental Status Evaluation （trial） （HJ/T192--2006）） issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China, we comprehensively evaluated and analyzed the eeo-environmental status of the belt area with 300m width on each that the organism abundance index, vegetation cover index, river density index, land degradation index, environmental equality index and ecological index was 12.2, 14.7, 0, 62.4, 100 and 34.3, respectively. According to national eco-environmental status grading standards, the environmental status of the belt area along the proposed railway belonged to ＂poor＂ grade, which indicated poor vegetation cover, severe drought, fewer species, and other natural factors limiting human survival existed in the belt area along the railway. The main eco-environmental issues in the belt area along the railway included severe natural condition, aridity, low precipitation, barren soil, sparse vegetation, fragile ecosystem, and water and soil loss induced by wind-erosion. In this paper, some measures and suggestion on improving eeo-environmental equality and decreasing water and soil loss was also proposed.