基于范围经济的运输网络扩张竞争优势分析

为探明运输网络扩张的竞争优势,阐述了取得规模经济的3种途径:密度经济、幅员经济和范围经济在运输网络中的实现方式,认为运输网络扩张主要在于扩大网络覆盖区取得的范围经济。在此基础上,根据传统的线性运输边际收益函数与边际成本函数,建立了对称运输网络利润最大化时的最佳运量与最大收益模型,证明了运输网络扩张时的最佳运量和利润随网络覆盖区扩大而增长,最优价格随运输网络扩张而下降,并通过算例对理论性结论进行了验证。结果分析表明:运输网络的扩张具有运输价格和利润的竞争优势,所表现的运输范围经济主要源于网络扩张时运量增加产生的密度收益。

Analysis of Competitive Advantage of Transport Network Expansion with Economics of Scope

For exploring competitive advantage of transport network expansion,based on three ways acquiring scale economics of transport network: economics of density,size and scope,authors proposed that economics of scope was main contribution of transport network expanding endpoints.Assuming linear marginal revenue and marginal cost functions as usual,authors formulated profit model of a symmetric transport network and represented calculation expressions of optimal outputs and revenue under profit maximization rule.It was showed that outputs and profits increased when transport network expansion,but price decreased.Calculation of a hypothetic case evidenced the theoretic result.All the work indicated that there were price and profit advantage of transport network expansion,economics of scope come from returns to density by flows increasing.