山西大水网隧洞施工危险源及事故防治

为了防控隧洞施工事故，通过较系统地总结和探讨山西大水网小浪底引黄工程长距离隧洞钻爆法施工安全管理的理论和实践活动，提出了“6因素”预防的新概念和做法，克服10个不良思想和正确处理3个关系等，并提出了安全资金管理建议。“6因素”即人、机、料、工序、部位、时段，“10思想”为盲目、粗心、麻痹、侥幸、懈怠、急躁、好奇、逞强、赌气、自满，“3关系”指安全与施工进度、安全与资金、安全与施工质量的关系。建议在招投标阶段施工安全措施列项贴近实际、暂定工程量、采用竞争性单价与合价；在施工阶段，可根据实际需要调整安全措施列项、工程量。建议配置自动监测仪器，强化隧洞施工重点部位的监控、预警。

Hazard and Accident Prevention in Construction of Tunnels in Shanxi Great Water Supply Network Projects

Regarding the construction of the tunnels of Shanxi Xiaolangdi Yellow River Water Conveyance Project,one of Shanxi Great Water Supply Network Projects,discussion is made on how to safeguard staffs and facilitates on the job site,so as to avoid disasters that may occur in construction of tunnels by means of drill and blast.Some new disasterprevention concepts and measures are proposed,which consist of the six-factor precautions to be kept,ten improper thoughts to be abandoned and three relationships to be well tackled.The six factors include man power,construction machinery,construction materials,tunnel construction procedures,construction areas and working periods; The ten improper thoughts include aimlessness,carelessness,paralysis,luckiness,slackening,impatience,curiosity,flaunt,being rash and self-satisfaction; The three relationships refer to the relationship between safety and progress,the relationship between safety and investment,and the relationship between safety and quality.It is suggested that in the bidding stage,the safety-related working items provided should be in detail,tentative safety-related working quantity should be worked out and competitive quotations in unit prices and total prices should be adopted,and that the safetyrelated working items and the safety-related working quantities can be adjusted in the construction stage.Finally,it is suggested that automatic monitors should be deployed to supervise and predict possible dangers during tunnel construction.