基于收费数据的高速公路运输量指标特征

基于2017年中国高速公路联网收费系统数据库, 辅以典型收费站抽样调查, 分析了中国高速公路网运输量指标的结构性特征。分析结果表明: 2010~2017年高速公路车辆总行驶量持续增加, 其中2017年总行驶量为6.80×1011 veh·km, 客、货车行驶量分别为4.70×1011、2.10×1011 veh·km; 2017年高速公路客运量为229.65亿人次, 周转量为16 886.05亿人·km, 平均行程为72.96km, 运输密度为1 257.47万人·km·km-1, 分别较2016年增长了11.72%、9.13%、3.07%、4.21%;营业性客车完成的旅客周转量为5 055.71亿人·km, 同比增长了1.76%;Ⅰ型客车流量在客车总流量中的比重为95.70%, 其客运量和旅客周转量都保持快速增长态势, 客运量为165.28亿人次, 旅客周转量为10 862.80亿人·km, 较2016年分别增长了15.25%和11.60%;2017年高速公路货运量为170.45×108 t, 周转量为287.05×1010 t·km, 平均运距为167.89km, 运输密度为2 138.32×104 t·km·km-1, 分别较2016年增长了15.33%、16.17%、0.42%、11.37%;2轴货车流量最大, 占高速公路总货车流量的41.14%;货车的空车走行率为26.81%, 省内与跨省运输货车空车走行率分别为43.80%、15.67%。高速公路运输总体指标在2017年稳中有升, 货物运输量、货物种类、货物价值是货物运输经济结构调整的效果集中体现。 

Index characteristics of expressway transportation volume based on toll collection data

Based on highway network toll collection system database of China in 2017, by the means of the sampling investigation data at typical toll stations, the structural properties of transportation volume indicators of Chinese expressway network were analyzed.Analysis result shows that the total traveling distance of vehicles on the expressway from 2010 to 2017 continuously increased.The total traveling distance for 2017 was 6.80×1011 veh·km, and the distances of the passenger vehicles and trucks were 4.70×1011 and 2.10×1011 veh·km, respectively.In 2017, passenger transportation volume was 22.965 billion, passenger transportation turnover was 1 688.605 billion person·km, passenger average traveling distance was 72.96 km, and passenger transportation density was 1 257.47×104 person·km·km-1.Compared with 2016, these four indexes increased by 11.72%, 9.13%, 3.07%, and 4.21%, respectively.The passenger turnover of commercial vehicles was 505.571 billion person·km, and increased by 1.76% year on year.Type-Ⅰ passenger vehicles accounted for 95.70% of total traffic flow, and its passenger transportation volume and passenger transportation turnover maintained a rapid growth rate.The passenger transportation volume was 16.528 billion, passenger transportation turnover was 1 086.280 billion person·km, and they increased by15.25% and 11.60%, respectively, compared with 2016.In 2017, the freight transportation volume, freight transportation turnover, average transportation distance of trucks, and freight transportation density of expressway were 170.45×108 t, 287.05×1010 t·km, 167.89 km, and 2 138.32×104 t·km·km-1, respectively.Compared with the transportation data in 2016, these four indexes increased by 15.33%, 16.17%, 0.42%, and 11.37%, respectively.The 2-axles-truck had the largest traffic flow, which accounted for 41.14%of the total trucks traffic flow.The proportion of unload trucks was 26.81%, and the proportion of transportation within and across provinces are 43.80% and 15.67%, respectively.In 2017, The overall index of expressway transportation kept a steady increase, and the freight volume, cargo type and cargo value were the results of the economic restructuring of freight transportation.