公路功能分类理论研究初步

公路功能分类是通过研究公路的服务功能．确定特定公路在公路网中扮演的角色．并为相应的交通出行提供服务．功能分类实质是按服务需求疏导交通。不同层次的路网在国民经济中满足不同的交通运输需求．干线、支线各自充当不同“角色”．形成全国公路交通大通道和四通八达的集疏散道．“各司其职”，功能明确而又互补．这是提高路网整体服务水平的关键。对路网层次的合理划分．特别是从理论上对第一、第二层次做出合理划分．使公路发展遵循全面规划、合理布局、确保质量、保障畅通、保护环境、节约用地等客观需求．为今后公路网路线规划、建没、养护和管理提供依据和指导．充分发挥已有的公路设施的功能，是公路全面科学发展的客观要求。根据公路功能分类的思想并结合我国目前公路网的发展现状．提出了公路功能分类的若干方案．分类时第一步是先分大类．再对大类进行细分．并说明新的分类方案与原有行政等级分类的关系。在此基础上．提出我国公路功能分类的推荐方案．明确了各层次公路的功能。

Primary Theory of Highway Functional Classification

Functional classification defines the nature of the traffic channelization process by defining the part that any particular road should play in serving the flow of trips through a highway network. Essentially, functional classification channelizes traffic flow by travel demand which the highway services. Different levels of highway network in national economics satisfy different transportation demands, arterial and collector roads play different roles, and make up of arterial channels and collector channels in the whole country .Every highway has its own function, the function of the highway is explicit and can help each other, which is the key point in improving the service levels of the whole network.Classifying the highway, especially the class I and II road in different levels, is the objective demands of scientific and comprehensive development of highway, this is the demands of comprehensive planning, high quality construction, smooth traffic flow, environment protection and land saving, and it will be the basis of highway planning, construction, maintenance and management. By functional classification, the highway infrastructure will adequately bring into play its function. By using the idea of functional classification and analyzing the current situation of the highway network,several schemes of highway functional classification are put forward in the paper. The first step of functional classification is the primary classification, then precision classification is conducted to the first step. The relation between functional classification and administrative classification is explained, and then on this basis, the recommendatory scheme of highway functional classification is put forward, and the functions of different highways are defined.