钻爆法施工隧道噪声传播特性研究

钻爆法施工的隧道囿于半封闭环境和大功率高噪声机械分布集中的特点，施工噪声问题相比地面工程更加严峻。其中，尤以钻炮眼工序声压级最高。为研究隧道施工过程中工人接触的噪声大小和类型以及噪声在隧道内的传播规律，依托拉泽快速路圭嘎拉隧道工程，通过施工现场实测和Comsol Multiphysics软件声学数值模拟互相验证，发现掌子面工人工作区域的中高频噪声普遍达到105 dB(A)及以上，掌子面钻炮眼噪声传播至二次衬砌和仰拱区域后仍达到90 dB(A)，同时危害二次衬砌和仰拱区域施工人员健康。洞内空间声压级分布受洞内构筑物和边界条件影响，轴线方向衰减速率不均匀，同一断面内声能量由于拱形断面声聚焦效应，呈现同一断面内底板中线以上3～4 m局部声压级高于拱周的状态。

Noise Propagation Characteristics of Tunnel Constructionby Drilling and Blasting Method

The tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting method are always located in a semi enclosed environment and characterized by concentrated distribution of high power and high noise machinery, which makes it more serious than ground construction in terms of noise problem. In particular, the sound pressure level of the drilling embrasure process is the highest. As a result, the type and magnitude of noise that workers are exposed to and the law of noise propagation in the tunnel are studied based on the Guigala Tunnel Project of Laze Expressway. According to the comparison result between field measurement and numerical simulation by Comsol Multiphysics software, it is found that the high frequency noise in the tunneling face generally reaches 105 dB(A) and above, and the working face drill embrasure noise still reaches 90 dB (A) after spreading to the secondary lining and inverted arch area, which would do harm to the worker′s health at secondary lining and invert area. Influenced by the structures and boundary conditions, the attenuation rate in the axial direction is not uneven. Due to the sound focusing effect of the arch section, the sound energy in the same section shows that the local sound pressure level of 3~4 m above the center line of the bottom slab is higher than that around the arch.