高速铁路道岔系统理论与工程实践研究综述

为了促进高速道岔行业的发展,系统梳理了各国高速铁路道岔领域(包括部件选型与结构设计理念、高速列车/道岔耦合动力分析理论、不同线下基础道岔无缝化设计方法、合理刚度及均匀化设计方法、长大轨件转换计算理论、关键联结部件动静力强度分析、动力学性能测试技术、道岔侧股平面线型与结构设计、制造与铺设、维护与管理等)的学术研究现状、存在问题、具体对策及发展趋势.要适应未来轨道交通技术的发展,高速道岔仍面临着严峻的技术挑战,例如,更高速度的下一代高速道岔在复杂环境下的适应性、全寿命周期设计、轮轨匹配与车/岔动态性能优化、新材料和结构的研发与应用、状态实时获取与性能评估、健康管理及故障预测、能效保持等问题,需要深度融合先进材料与制造、智能与自动化、大数据与云计算、精密测控与效能提升等前沿技术,着力提升我国高速铁路道岔技术领域的原始创新能力.通过现状剖析、问题导向,以期为铁道工程学科的学术研究与技术创新提供新的视角和基础资料. 

Theories and Engineering Practices of High-Speed Railway Turnout System: Survey and Review

In order to promote the development of the high-speed railway turnout industry, the academic research situation, problems, concrete countermeasures and development trend in the field of the international high-speed railway turnout were reviewed systematically, including the components selection and structures design idea, the high-speed train/turnout coupling dynamic analysis, the design method of jointless turnout on different track foundation, the reasonable stiffness and homogenization design, the switching analysis of long moveable rails, the dynamic and static strength analysis of key joint components, the dynamic performance test technology, the turnout plane alignment and structure design in diverging lines, turnout manufacturing and laying, turnout maintenance and management, etc. However, in order to adapt to the development of the future rail transit technology, the high-speed railway turnout industry is still facing severe technical challenges. For example, the next generation of the high-speed railway turnout has problems such as the adaptability in the complex environment, the whole life cycle of design, the wheel/rail matching and the optimization of the train-turnout dynamic performance, the RD and application of new materials and structures, the real-time acquisition and assessment of turnout condition parameters, the health management and fault prediction, the maintenance of capacity and effectiveness. In order to solve these problems, some cutting-edge technologies in advanced materials and manufacturing, intelligent and automation, big data and cloud computing, precision measurement and control, efficiency improvement, etc., need to be deeply integrated into the high-speed turnout system to enhance the original innovation ability of China in this field. Through the current situation and problem analysis, this review is expected to provide new perspectives and basic data for the academic research and technological innovation of the railway engineering disciplines.