铁路工人意外伤害的流行病学研究

为了解我国铁路运输行业意外伤害的发生情况，对1991年1月～2000年12月某铁路分局在职工人意外伤害案例进行了流行病学研究。用FOXPRO6.0建立资料数据库，使用SPSS10．0统计分析。结果：1991年1月～2000年12月该分局共发生意外伤害事故135例，发生率43．14／105，死亡率为11.82／10^5。其中工伤约占34．8％。10a间意外伤害发生率呈波浪形下降趋势。32～44岁多发，约占40％，且35岁以下的伤害事故死亡率高于其他年龄段。第2季度高发，按月则以4月、9月较高。调车人员和线路人员为高发职业．死亡率以调车人员最高。伤害类型以机车车辆伤害最多，其次是汽车车辆伤害、高处坠落和物体打击。伤害部位以下肢、上肢和头面部为主。发生原因多为自身或他人违章、安全意识淡薄、注意力不集中；其中个体相关原因是最主要因素，占61．63％。建议铁路运输行业有关部门建立健全职业安全健康管理体系，以有效遏制意外伤害事故的发生。

Epidemiological Study on Unexpected Injuries of Railway Workers

In order to understand the conditions that lead to the occurrence of unexpected injuries in the railway transportation sector of our country, epidemiological study had been carried out on cases of unexpected injuries of employees at work in a certain railway sub-bureau from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2000. FOXPRO 6.0 was being used for setting up the database and SPSS10.0 was used for statistics and analysis. Results: The overall incidence of unexpected accidental injuries in that sub-bureau from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2000 was 135 cases, occurrence rate being 43.14/105,mortality rate 11.82/105,in which injuries-at-work amounted to 34.8%. In this ten-year period the occurrence rate of unexpected injuries had traversed along a wave shaped decreasing trend. Occurrence rate was high at 32 to 44 years of age, amounted to approximately 40% of the total. Furthermore, mortality rate of those younger than 35 years of age, caused by trauma, was higher than those of other age groups. The second season of each year had seen high occurrence rate, while April and September were the high occurrence months. Dispatchers and linemen were high occurrence professions and mortality rate was highest among dispatchers. As to types of injuries, locomotive and vehicle injuries were most numerous, followed by automobile vehicle injuries, falling from a high place and hit by an object. Lower limbs, upper limbs, head and face were the main parts of the body being injured. The causes of the occurrence of injuries were: violation of regulations by oneself or by other people, weak in safety awareness, and not being attentive enough. Of all the causes, those related to the individual that amounted to 61.63%, were the main reasons. It is suggested that the railway transportation sector and the related departments set up and strengthen occupational safety and health management systems so as to curb the occurrence of unexpected injuries effectively.