地铁环境振动评价标准及评价量探讨

现行国家《城市区域环境振动标准》和《城市区域环境振动测量方法》没有针对地铁的适用范围和评价量。当前地铁振动环境影响评价参照声环境“4a类(即交通干线两侧)功能区”评价在科学性和合规性方面存在瑕疵；但可根据标准的技术原理和地面道路相邻区域建筑功能属性，相应将地面道路两侧一定区域划分为“交通干线道路两侧”振动标准的“适用地带范围”。地铁环境振动评价量采用VLZ10，但隧道内监测实施难度大，地面测量又难以精确监测和验证，类比在振动机理、时域、频域等特征相似的铁路振动评价，地铁采用VLZmax为评价量和测量方法，可以反映出人体受振动干扰最强烈的情况，易于测量和验证，更具科学性和合理性。根据环境影响评价管理要求和不同振动敏感目标环境保护要求，应用于环境振动治理的减振产品，其效果的评价指标应采用Z计权振级；应用于古建筑或振动敏感建筑(如优秀历史建筑等)减振的减振产品，其效果的评价指标应采用振动速度。

Study on Assessment Standards and Indexes of Environmental Vibrations in Subways

Referring to 4a noise environment function division along arterial traffic in subway environmental vibration assessments in Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area and Measurement Method of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area, there is a lack of a specific range of application and assessments on subways. Based on technical principles of environmental standards and functional properties of adjacent buildings, certain regions along the traffic route can be demarcated as a range of application for vibration standard as arterial traffic. VLZ10 is used as an index for subway environmental vibration assessments; however, it is difficult to implement this index in monitoring tunnels and inaccuracies may arise in verifying its results with ground tests. By analogy of environmental vibrations in railways that are similar in mechanism and time and frequency domains, VLZmax is considered to be more scientific and logical for adoption as an assessment index of environmental vibrations in subways as it reflects strongest human body disturbances and is easy to monitor and verify.In accordance with the requirements of environmental impact assessments and the protection of diverse vibration sensitive targets, a Z-weighted vibration level is proposed as an index to evaluate the effect of environmental vibration attenuation; the vibration velocity was considered for vibration-sensitive buildings such as historical and heritage buildings.