自动驾驶公众接受度研究综述

全面梳理并总结了自动驾驶公众接受度领域的相关研究, 从接受自动驾驶的可能性与态度、了解与信任程度、感知与关注点、支付意愿和使用偏好5个方面定义并阐述了接受度的内涵; 从调查对象的选取、问卷设计、调查方式与抽样、模型构建与数据分析方法等方面对比了现有研究采用的数据采集和分析方法; 总结了影响自动驾驶公众接受度的关键因素, 剖析了其对公众接受度的影响, 指出了存在的问题和未来研究方向。研究结果表明: 现有大部分研究重点关注接受自动驾驶的可能性、态度和使用偏好等问题, 对支付意愿的研究相对较少; 公众对自动驾驶普遍持积极态度, 对自动驾驶技术及其相关功能有所了解; 安全问题是人们对自动驾驶的首要关注点, 不同群体对该问题的担忧程度有显著差异; 人们为享受自动驾驶技术而愿意支付额外费用的意愿不够强烈, 来自发达国家受访者的支付意愿普遍低于发展中国家受访者; 个人心理和生理属性, 社会人口属性, 伦理、法律责任和车辆安全水平, 车辆自动化水平及相关属性, 出行相关属性以及环境因素等是影响公众对自动驾驶接受度的几类关键因素; 然而, 现有研究对伦理和法律责任等因素的量化分析还较为缺乏, 性别、年龄和收入水平等部分关键因素的影响仍存在争议, 还需进一步讨论; 相关研究在对样本的代表性分析、问卷和调查方案的精细化设计以及关键因素的具体作用机制分析等方面还有待进一步深入。

Research review on public acceptance of autonomous driving

The relevant studies in the field of public acceptance of autonomous driving were comprehensively sorted out and summarized. The connotation of acceptance was defined and explained from five aspects such as the possibility and attitude on accepting the autonomous driving, degrees of understanding and trust, perception and focus, willingness to pay and use preference. The data collection and analysis methods used in the existing researches were compared and analyzed from the aspects such as the survey object selection, questionnaire design, survey and sampling schemes, modelling and data analysis methods. The key factors impacting the public acceptance of autonomous driving were summarized. The influences of key factors on the public acceptance were analyzed. The problems and future research directions were pointed out. The research result indicates that most of the existing studies focus on the problems of accepting possibility of autonomous driving, attitude and use preference. The research relating to the willingness to pay is relatively rare. The public is generally positive about the autonomous driving, and have certain knowledges of autonomous driving technology and its related functions. The safety issue is people's primary concern for the autonomous driving, while the concern degrees are significantly different among various groups. People's willingness to pay extra money to enjoy the autonomous driving technology is not strong enough. The willingness to pay of respondents from developed countries is generally lower than that from developing countries. The personal psychological and physiological attributes, social demographic attribute, ethics, legal responsibility and vehicle safety level and related attributes, vehicle automation level and related attributes, travel-related attributes and environmental factor are several key factors influencing the public acceptance of autonomous driving. However, the quantitative analysis on the factors such as ethics and legal responsibility in existing researches is still lacking. The effects of some key factors such as gender, age and income level are still controversial, and further discussion is needed. In-depth research is needed in the aspects of sample representative analysis, refined design of questionnaire and survey, and analysis of specific mechanisms of key factors.