载人潜水器马氏体镍钢载人舱设计

载人潜水器凭借优异的深海作业与探测能力,越来越多应用于海洋开发与海底资源的勘探中。我国的“蛟龙号”与“深海勇士号”载人潜水器均使用钛合金作为载人舱的耐压结构材料,而俄罗斯“和平号”载人潜水器独创地使用马氏体镍钢材料设计与制造载人舱及其他耐压罐体。对于这种超高强度钢用于载人舱的设计制造国内尚无应用经验。对马氏体镍钢载人舱的结构设计、结构计算、规范适用性进行研究,以总结马氏体镍钢用于载人潜水器耐压结构设计与计算的经验,推进其在我国深海装备领域的应用。     

马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探（英文）

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

深海载人潜水器载人球备选钛合金的断裂韧性试验结果分析

为提高结构的可靠性,深海载人潜水器载人球的设计标准越来越重视材料的综合性能,因此钛合金成为广泛应用于潜水器耐压球壳的理想材料。基于断裂韧性指标的损伤容限设计原则将在未来的结构优化方案中得到体现,其中断裂韧性是重要的材料损伤容限特性之一。为研制4500m载人潜水器,文中对两种备选钛合金的多组非标试样断裂韧性试验结果进行了分析,重点考察了相同韧带尺寸下试件厚度的效应,对非标试样KQ和P_max/P_Q随着厚度的变化趋势进行了解释,为修改现行断裂韧性试验标准提供了建议。     

载人潜水器概念设计中的系统集成模型(英文)

在载人潜水器的概念设计阶段,开展系统参数化分析来研究设计变量变化对潜水器性能影响以及多学科优化设计方法在潜水器上的应用是十分有价值的.然而,对于系统参数化分析和多学科设计优化应用所需要的潜水器数学模型,这方面的研究却比较少.为了解决这一问题,该文以某载人潜水器为对象,示范如何建立一个包含有六个模块的载人潜水器系统集成模型,它们分别是艇型模块、阻力模块、能源模块、结构模块、重量模块和稳定性模块.通过设计结构矩阵的应用,发现载人潜水器的概念设计是一个顺序执行的过程,并且属于弱耦合设计问题.     

大深度载人潜水器耐压壳结构研究进展

综述了大深度载人潜水器的发展概况,潜水器耐压壳体材料选用及结构型式;侧重阐述了耐压壳强度与稳定性计算的现状;指出了大深度载人潜水器钛合金耐压球壳弹塑性稳定性分析尚需研究的若干问题.     

深海载人潜水器载体框架结构设计与强度分析

载体框架是用于安装固定载人舱、蓄电池、可弃压载、可调压载水舱、高压气罐和浮力块等深海载人潜水器设备的空间桁架结构,也是深海载人潜水器布放、回收和甲板系固的主要承力结构。因此,载体框架的设计应便于设备、仪器、浮力块和轻外壳的安装、拆卸与维护;并有足够的强度和刚度,以保证载人潜水器的布放和回收,以及在母船甲板上系固。在上述条件下,还应使其重量尽可能小。总结和介绍了我国正在建造的深海载人潜水器载体框架的材料选择、计算工况及设计载荷与许用应力的确定、结构型式的确定、构件的连接方式、节点的优化处理,以及结构强度的分析方法,给出了载体框架在单点回收和甲板系固两种工况下的强度分析结果,为今后研制同类型产品提供参考。     

载人潜水器母船发展现状及设计分析

本文分析了载人潜水器母船国内外发展现状,并结合我国新时期载人深潜科学考察需求,提出了我国载人潜水器母船基本设计思路,旨在为我国新型载人潜水器母船的设计与建造提供参考。     

大深度载人潜水器极限承载能力非线性有限元分析方法研究

大深度载人潜水器载人舱的极限承载能力是载人潜水器安全性的保障,在设计制造中非常关键。本文基于非线性有限元方法,对大深度载人潜水器球形载人舱极限承载能力进行了分析计算,提出了大深度载人潜水器球形载人舱极限承载能力非线性有限元计算中的影响因素;并与极限承载能力设计新公式计算结果进行对比,验证了本文非线性有限元分析方法和设计新公式的广泛适用性,为大深度载人潜水器建造规范和检验指南的制定奠定了基础。     

基于JACK的载人潜水器观察窗布局优化设计

为了提高载人潜水器人机工效设计的质量,有效考虑狭小工作舱下潜航员的生理舒适度,保证载人潜水器观察窗布局人机合理性。本文在载人潜水器载人舱的设计过程中应用了人机工效设计原理,利用JACK软件对载人潜水器载人舱观察窗布局进行仿真,对潜航员的工作姿态、舒适性、关节角度等进行模拟。首先将载人潜水器载人舱模型导入JACK人因分析软件中,采用第95百分位数的中国男性作为潜航员,对潜航员在载人舱内的工作姿态进行模拟,并对其进行工作姿势评估、快速上肢分析、舒适度评估、下背部分析。根据分析结果完成了相应的设计优化。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

某海港码头的撞损修复

依据码头撞击受损区域调查检测结果,对受损构件提出合理的修复方案,为码头的安全运行提供保障。