Influence of GABAergic pathway on retinal adaptation-related response changes

Retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） exhibit adaptive changes in response to sustained light stimulation, which include decrease in firing rate, tendency to shrink in receptive field （RF） size and reduction in synchronized activities. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic （GABAergic） pathway is an important inhibitory pathway in retina. In the present study, the effects of GABAergic pathway on the contrast adaptation process of bullfrog RGCs were studied using multi-electrode recording technique. It was found that the application of bicuculline （BIC）, a gamma-aminobutyric acid A （GABAA） receptor antagonist, caused a number of changes in the RGCs＇ response characteristics, including attenuation in adaptation-dependent firing rate decrease and the adaptation-dependent weakening in synchronized activities between adjacent neuron-pairs, whereas intensified the adaptation-dependent RF size shrinkage. These results suggest that GABAA receptors are involved in the modulation of the firing activity and synchronized activities in contrast adaptation process of the RGCs, whereas the adaptation-related RF property changes involve more complicated mechanisms.     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

EFFECT OF FUNDUS PIGMENT ON RESPONSE OF RABBIT RETINA TO TRANSPUPILLARY THERMOTHERAPY

Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 eyes of 6 albino rabbits. The spot size was 1.2 mm; the duration was 60 s; and powers were 50, 80, 150 and 300 mW for pigmented rabbits and 800, 1 200 and 1 500mW for albino rabbits. All of the eyes were followed up with ophthalmolscope. The fundus was photographed and examined histologically with optic microscope immediately and 1 month after TTT respectively. Results The changes of the fundus and the histological examination were not significant immediately and 1 month after TTT in 50 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 800 mW of albino rabbit. Grey spot on the retina was observed on the fundus in 80 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 1 200 mW of albino rabbit immediately after TTT. The structure of the retina remained intact and subretinal fluid was observed histologically. Grey spot was still visible on the fundus, though the fluid was absorbed after 1 month. As the power of diode laser was increased to 150 mW for pigmented rabbits and 1500 mW for albino rabbit, fundus white spots were observed and the outer retina was destroyed while photoreceptors existed immediately after TTT. Pigmentation was found in white lesions and the fibrous proliferation was found in choroid 1 month after TTT. Prominent white spot was seen on the fundus immediately after laser irradiation of 300 mW in pigmented rabbits and the structure of the retina was obscured. One month after TTT, dense pigmentation appeared at laser lesions. The retina was thinner. There was prominent fibrous proliferation in the choroid. Conclusion The fundus pigment seems to play an important role in the response of the retina to TTT. The reaction of the retina is in proportion to the intensity of laser.     

不同生长期晶状体蛋白对体外培养的大鼠视网膜神经节细胞存活的促进作用

目的观察不同生长期大鼠的晶状体蛋白对体外培养的大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)是否具有不同的保护作用。方法分别提取出生后1 d、2周、6月、1年期的SD大鼠晶状体可溶性蛋白,加入培养的RGCs中,观察其对RGCs存活时间、突触生长状况及凋亡的影响。结果同期提取的晶状体蛋白各不同浓度作用于RGCs,促进其存活的作用有差异,最佳有效浓度为10-5g/L。不同生长期大鼠的晶状体蛋白可以延长RGCs存活时间,并随生长期增长而延长,但1 d组与2周组无显著性差异。加入晶状体蛋白后RGCs凋亡减少,随生长期增长而逐级减少。结论晶状体可溶性蛋白可显著促进离体培养的RGCs的存活和生长,晶状体蛋白的最佳有效质量浓度为10-5g/L。不同生长期晶状体蛋白的神经保护作用有所不同,随生长期延长,作用逐渐增强。     

EFFECT OF STENT ABSORBED c-myc ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS APOPTOSIS IN RABBIT CAROTID ARTERY

Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｆｅｗ ｙｅａｒｓ ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄａｄｒａ ｍａｔｉｃ ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｉｎｔｒａｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙｓｔｅｎｔｓ.Ｓｔｅｎｔｓｎｏｗａｃｃｏｕｎｔｆｏｒｏｖｅｒ 70 %ｏｆｐｅｒｃｕｔａ ｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ (ＰＴＣＡ ) .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｎ ｓｔｅｎｔｒｅｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓｒｅｍａｉｎｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｂ ｌｅｍ ,ｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｇｉｎ 2 0 %～ 30 %ｏｆｔｈｅｓｅ ｐｒｏｃ ｅｄｕｒｅｓ[1-3] .Ｉ…     

hGDF5基因转染对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的探讨人生长分化因子5(hGDF5)基因转染对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)增殖及分化的影响。方法采用脂质体介导方法将hGDF5基因转入体外培养的兔BMSCs,用逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)、间接免疫荧光检测hGDF5 mRNA和蛋白质的表达,并通过检测碱性磷酸酶活性、细胞增殖能力(MTT法)、Ⅱ型胶原(ColⅡ)以及蛋白多糖(PG)的表达,分析转染hGDF5对BMSCs增殖、分化的影响。结果hGDF5 mRNA及蛋白在基因转染细胞内得到正确表达;hGDF5基因转染组和对照组相比,ColⅡ、PG表达水平显著增高(P<0.01,P<0.01),而碱性磷酸酶活性和细胞增殖能力无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论外源基因转染可以使BMSCs表达有生物活性的hGDF5。高表达的hGDF5可以促进BMSCs向软骨表型分化,但对细胞增殖和碱性磷酸酶活性无明显影响。     

葎草花粉致敏蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及其在筛选致敏蛋白组分的应用

目的制备、鉴定兔抗葎草花粉蛋白多克隆抗体,并初步应用于葎草花粉致敏蛋白组分的筛选。方法用葎草花粉变应原浸液免疫兔,获得高效价抗葎草花粉蛋白抗血清,应用琼脂免疫双扩散、ELISA法以及Western blotting鉴定产生的抗体。同时对葎草花粉过敏性哮喘患者血清进行Western blotting检测。结果兔抗血清效价经ELISA检测,效价>1∶10000,免疫双扩散结果表明抗血清只与葎草花粉变应原形成特异性IgG沉淀线,Western blotting检测兔抗血清IgG可以特异性识别葎草花粉8种蛋白组分,分子质量分别为100、88、76、69、65、55、49、38 ku,患者血清IgG可以识别5种蛋白组分,分子质量分别为100、76、55、493、8 ku。结论制备的兔抗血清具有较高效价和较好的特异性,应用该血清筛选出的葎草花粉致敏蛋白组分与患者血清筛选的组分相似,因此可进一步应用于初筛cDNA表达文库。     

A GROWTH INHIBITOR SECRETED FROM CULTURED RABBIT SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IS DISTINCT FROM TGF-β

Smoothmusclecellproliferationiskeyeventinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis(l).Growthfactorsreleasedbyarterialsmoothmusc1ecel1smainlyareplate1et-derivedgrowthfactor(PDGF)andfibroblastgrowthfactor(FGF)t'i.ArterialsmoothmusclecellsmaystimuIatesmoothmusclecellproliferationviaautocrineandparacrinethegrowthfactors,vasoconstrictorssuchasendothe-lial-l,thromboxane,prostag1adinH,andan-giotensin1.Incontrast,transformationgrowthfactor8(TGF-6),heparin,nitricoxide(No)andprostacyclin(PGI,)releasedbyart…     

乳兔房室结细胞原代培养及形态特征

目的观察房室结细胞体外分散培养及形态学特征。方法取新生3 d乳兔房室结组织采用差速贴壁分离技术加机械破坏非心肌细胞法进行原代细胞培养,观察记录各类培养细胞的生长状况,并进行细胞化学染色。结果在培养的房室结细胞中,至少有4种自发性收缩细胞及少量的不规则细胞和多边形细胞。其中梭形细胞最多,圆形细胞和三角形细胞次之,多角形细胞最少;多角形细胞和圆形细胞收缩频率最高,其次为梭形细胞,三角形细胞收缩频率最低。细胞化学染色显示:三角形细胞肌原纤维最丰富,其次为梭形细胞,多角形细胞和圆形细胞肌原纤维最少。结论兔房室结由多种形态不同的细胞构成,多角形细胞和圆形细胞可能是起搏细胞,梭形细胞可能是过渡细胞,三角形细胞可能是普通心肌细胞。     

兔肾VX2移植瘤模型的建立及其超声显像检测

目的比较建立兔肾VX2移植瘤模型的不同方法的优劣。方法分别用瘤液穿刺法、瘤块液种植法、瘤块包埋法建立兔肾VX2癌模型。采用超声技术动态检测肿瘤体积及CDFI的变化,确定该模型最佳实验干预时段及其血流参数范围。比较各自的成瘤率;观测肾脏肿瘤的大小及其回声、瘤内血管生成以及血流阻抗等指标。结果瘤块包埋法可建立稳定的兔肾VX2移植瘤模型。B超可以实时、准确、方便的监测肿瘤体积及血流动力学变化。结论兔肾VX2移植瘤是一种造模方法简便且成瘤率高的肾癌动物模型,采用超声技术能精确、无创的动态监测肿瘤体积变化及血流特征。     

Radiosensitivity of β-elemene on rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model

Objective To investigate the effects of low dosage of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model. Methods We took the rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma as the model. Experimental rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group, and the radiation +β-elemene (radiosensitivity) group. The change of tumor was observed by Spiral CT and B ultrasound to compare its regrowth period. The tumor was measured by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results The tumor in radiosensitivity group was restrained obviously and the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of β-elemene was 1.89. Different apoptosis was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion Low dosage β-elemene can enhance the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, but the mechanism needs further study. It promotes apoptosis in mechanisms in vitro.     

兔Oddi氏括约肌细胞BK通道Alpha亚基在Pichia酵母中的高效表达、纯化和鉴定

目的用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达兔Oddi氏括约肌(SO)细胞BK通道α亚基,并进行纯化和鉴定。方法采用RTPCR扩增编码兔SO细胞BK通道α亚基B细胞表位区基因的cDNA,经测序正确将其克隆入酵母表达载体pPIC9K,以电穿孔法转化酵母GS115。经MD平板筛选重组子、G418筛选鉴定后,甲醇诱导表达,镍离子亲合层析法对表达上清进行纯化,进行SDSPAGE和免疫印迹分析。结果用RTPCR扩增出约1497bp的兔SO细胞BK通道α亚基基因的cDNA。序列分析显示,扩增序列与已发布的新西兰大白兔骨骼肌BK通道α亚基的cDNA序列完全一致。SDSPAGE显示本系统表达的α亚基融合蛋白Mr约为55000,表达量约为55mg/L,纯度为96%。Westernblot检测证明,该α亚基融合蛋白可与兔BK通道α亚基多克隆抗体特异性结合。结论克隆了编码兔SO细胞BK通道α亚基B细胞表位区基因的cDNA,并在毕赤酵母中成功地表达了该蛋白,为进一步研究BK通道提供了物质基础。     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells

Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured by the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method. The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups: normal control, H2O2 treatment (100μmol/L), and PNS pretreatment (0.1g/L). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as the index of oxidative stress were measured by using 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of BMSCs by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI. The protein expression of Bax in BMSCs was analyzed by Western blotting. Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry. Results Pretreatment with PNS significantly decreased intracellular ROS level induced by H2O2 (P<0.01). PNS markedly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis rate from 38.68% to 19.24%(P<0.01). PNS reversed H2O2-induced augmentation of Bax expression. Furthermore, PNS markedly reduced the altered in activity of caspase-3 enzyme induced by H2O2(P<0.01). Conclusion PNS has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by scavenging ROS and decreasing Bax expression and caspase-3 activity.     

ISOLATION AND INDUCTION OF RABBIT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TO EXPRESS CHONDROCYTIC PHENOTYPE

Ｍｅｓｅｎｃｈｙｍａｌｓｔｅｍｃｅｌｌｓ(ＭＳＣｓ)ｗｅｒｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｏ ｔｅｎｔｉａｌｃｅｌｌｓ ,ｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｂｏｎｅｍａｒｒｏｗ ,ｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌｍｕｓ ｃｌｅａｎｄｓｙｎｏｖｉａｌｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｕｌｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉ ａｔｅｉｎｔｏｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｃｅｌｌｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｏｓｔｅｏｃｙｔｅ ,ｃｈｏｎｄｒｏｃｙｔｅａｎｄａｄｉｐｏｃｙｔｅ[1,2 ] .ＳｅｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭＳＣｓｆｒｏｍｂｏｎｅｍａｒｒｏｗｗａｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｔ ,ａｕｔ…     

CONSTRUCTING AAV-TGFβ1 AND COMPARISING ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON PROTEOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEUS PULPOUS CELLS WITH AV-TGFβ1

Objective To construct adeno-associated virus express system for TGFβ1 (AAV-TGFβ1) and compare its biological effects on proteoglycan synthesis of the rabbit lumbar disc nucleus pulpous (NP) cells with adenovirus (Ad) express system for TGFβ1 (AV-TGFβ1). Methods TGFβ1 gene was obtained by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The upstream of TGFβ1 contained restriction enzyme site of EcoR Ⅰ, and the restriction enzyme site of Sal Ⅰ was at the downstream of TGFβ1. Using the multiple cloning sites (MCS) in plasmid AAV and the corresponding contained restriction enzyme site in PCR product of TGFβ1, TGFβ1 gene was subcloned into AAV. The recombinant plasmid AAV-TGFβ1 was detected by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Then, AAV-TGFβ1 virus was packaged and TGFβ1 expression mediated by AAV was detected by immunofluence analysis in H293 cells. AAV transfection rate to NP cells was evaluated with AAV-PEGF. After NP cells were respectively transfected by AAV-TGFβ1 virus and AV-TGFβ1 virus, proteoglycan synthesis was detected and compared by using Antonopulos methods. Results DNA sequencing revealed that the PCR-amplified TGFβ1 gene was consistent with NCBI Gene Bank. The recombinant plasmid was proved to be constructed successfully by restriction enzyme digestion. AAV could be transfected into NP cells and mediate an efficient expression of TGFβ1 protein. AV-TGFβ1 virus could quickly enhance the proteoglycan synthesis of the NP cells, but its biological effect was transient. AAV-TGFβ1 virus could enhance stably proteoglycan synthesis. Conclusion AAV-TGFβ1 virus was successful constructed and enhanced stably proteoglycan synthesis of NP cells.     

氯化汞对家兔主动脉缩血管作用的机理研究

目的　研究氯化汞 (HgCl2 )对离体兔动脉环的作用及其机制。方法　采用离体血管张力实验法 ,观察氯化汞对离体主动脉环的作用及其作用是否依赖于血管内皮、细胞外钙和硝苯地平敏感的钙通道。结果　氯化汞 (HgCl2 ) 1～10 0 μmol·L- 1 可浓度依赖性地触发兔动脉环的收缩反应 ,酚妥拉明或去除血管内皮均不能改变此作用 ;在换用无钙营养液时仍有此作用 ,但最大收缩幅度下降了 (6 1.2± 3.3) % ;硝苯地平能呈浓度依赖性抑制HgCl2 的最大收缩反应。结论　HgCl2 引起的离体兔动脉环收缩反应主要与HgCl2 促进细胞外钙通过硝苯地平敏感的钙通道内流和细胞内钙释放有关 ,并且以细胞外钙内流为主 ;而与血管内皮和α 肾上腺素受体无关     

雷诺嗪对兔心房肌细胞快钠电流的影响及使用依赖性阻滞作用

目的 研究雷诺嗪对兔心房肌细胞快钠电流的影响及其是否存在使用依赖性阻滞作用.方法 应用全细胞膜片嵌记录方法,了解雷诺嗪对兔单个心房肌细胞快钠电流的作用,及在不同刺激频率(1Hz、3.3Hz、5Hz)时对快钠电流的影响.结果 30μmmol/L雷诺嗪对兔心房肌细胞快钠电流有明显的抑制作用,其IC_(50)为(25.6±1.8)μmmol/L,并且随着刺激频率的增加其作用加强,存在使用依赖性.结论 雷诺嗪对兔心房肌细胞快钠电流有一定的抑制作用,其存在使用依赖性阻滞作用.     

选择性PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对兔PVR的治疗作用

目的　评价一种新的血小板源性生长因子 (platelet derivedgrowthfactor,PDGF)受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95对兔增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变 (proliferativevitreoretinopathy ,PVR)的治疗作用。 方法　兔结膜成纤维细胞 (rabbitconjunctivalfibroblastscells,RCF)培养 ,用MTT分析法检测PDGF AA和 BB以及AG12 95对兔RCF的增殖状况的影响。建立PVR动物模型 ,玻璃体腔内给予AG12 95 ,用牵引性视网膜脱离 (tractionalretinaldetach ment,TRD)的发生率判断药物的体内疗效。眼视网膜电生理检查和HE染色分析药物的毒性。结果　 10 μmol·L-1和 10 0 μmol·L-1两种浓度的AG12 95均可显著抑制由PDGF AA和 BB诱导的成纤维细胞的增生 ,10 0 μmol·L-1AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生 ,但其作用仅持续至第 2 1d。在AG12 95治疗组中 ,未发现明显的网膜毒性。结论　PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生。     

兔髂动脉内膜受损后增生和c-myc基因的表达

研究兔髂动脉内皮剥脱时血管壁细胞的反应特点和 c- myc基因的表达规律。用标准血管成形导管髂动脉球囊损伤 1 2只家兔的右髂总动脉后 ,分别于 3、7、40 d处死动物 ,用透射电镜观察术后 3d平滑肌细胞 ( SMC)超微结构的变化 ,光镜观察术后血管壁细胞的反应特点和 c- myc蛋白表达规律 ,同时对术后 40 d动物行血管造影。结果发现 :术后 3d兔髂总动脉中层 SMC由收缩型转变为分泌型 ,并向内膜下迁移 ,可见管腔内有血栓形成 ,1周时弹力板不完整 ,中膜 SMC排列紊乱 ,术后 40 d增生的 SMC和细胞外基质形成新生内膜 ,血管造影显示管腔狭窄 5 0 %～ 80 % ;球囊损伤段髂总动脉新生内膜 c- myc蛋白免疫组化染色为阳性 ,而对照组为阴性。结论 :球囊损伤髂动脉后可引起 SMC迁移、增生 ,其和细胞外基质一起形成新生内膜 ,管腔狭窄 ;SMC增生和 c- myc基因表达密切相关。     

阳离子聚合物介导的体外培养兔角膜内皮细胞基因转移

目的观察非病毒载体阳离子聚合物(SofastTM)介导的编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的pEGFP-N1和pIRE-EGFP两种质粒对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞(RCEC)的转染效率和转染前后细胞Na+-K+-ATPase活性变化,探索最优的体外RCEC非病毒载体基因转移条件。方法消化法原代培养RCEC,SofastTM与pEGFP-N1和pIRE-EGFP两种质粒按不同比例混合,介导此两种质粒转染RCEC,分别比较各质粒不同时间的转染效率,并检测转染与未转染细胞Na+-K+-ATPase的活性以确定基因转移对RCEC活性的影响。结果SofastTM与质粒(pEGFP-N1和pIRE-EGFP)按不同比例转染RCEC后,24-48 h均有EGFP的表达。SofastTM∶pEGFP-N1=3.2∶1组在转染后48 h时转染效率最高(P<0.05),为3.6%。SofastTM∶pIRE-EGFP=3.2∶1组在转染后24 h时转染效率最高(P<0.05),为3.5%。转染与未转染组细胞数和细胞Na+-K+-ATPase活性均无明显差异。结论SofastTM可有效介导以pEG-FP-N1和pIRE-EGFP为载体的外源基因向体外培养的RCEC转移,且基因转移后RCEC活性不受影响。