铜锰型CO常温消除催化剂水汽中毒机制的研究

通过对一种典型的铜锰型催化剂--德国德尔格催化剂通水蒸气条件下失活规律的研究,以及XRD,XPS,TG-DTA,TEM等物理手段对催化剂失活前后结构特点的表征,我们发现,催化剂失活前后,其体相结构和微观形貌没有明显的改变,但失活催化剂表面上出现了明显的碳酸盐组分。作者认为,锰离子具有较多的d空轨道,在有水蒸气存在的条件下,可能成为水分子的强吸附中心。滞留于催化剂表面的水分子与CO2反应生成碳酸根,掩盖了活性位,导致催化剂失活。     

CO低温氧化霍加拉特催化剂的研究综述

CO低温氧化霍加拉特催化剂主要由铜锰混合氧化物组成。综述了制备前体、沉淀条件、老化时间、煅烧条件、杂质等对催化剂的影响,探讨了霍加拉特催化剂在价态、形态结构和反应方面低温氧化CO的机理以及引起催化剂失活的原因,展望了未来的发展方向。     

Pt-Pd催化剂砷中毒原因的初步研究

以AsH3为毒物,H2-O2反应为模型反应,用流动法对Pt-Pd/-A l2O3催化剂活性进行评价。用X-光电子能谱(XPS)、X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对新鲜催化剂及不同失活程度的催化剂进行了表征。分析认为,AsH3引起Pt-Pd/-A l2O3催化剂失活是由于毒物AsH3发生氧化反应形成的As2O3覆盖了活性位以及非活性稳定物质在催化剂表面的形成,改变了催化剂表面组成及活性组分电子结构,导致催化剂完全失活。     

催化剂失活探讨

本文重点论述了近年来国内外对金属催化剂失活的研究成果，包括中毒失活、烧结和热失活等原因及机理的研究，并简述了催化剂的保护与再生。     

船舶柴油机使用SCR技术需解决的问题

SCR技术是满足船舶柴油机NOx排放第三层次标准的主要方法之一。介绍SCR系统的工作原理,对SCR技术在船舶使用条件下存在的排烟温度控制问题和催化剂失活问题进行讨论。     

精对苯二甲酸生产中催化剂的应用

介绍我国精对苯二甲酸装置发展情况和生产工艺,着重介绍了Pd/C催化剂的使用情况,分析了影响催化剂失活的原因,对催化剂开发提出一些建议.     

HZSM-5在线催化提质生物油及其结焦机理

以油菜秸秆为生物质原料,采用硅铝比为50的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对生物质进行催化裂解,对生物原油有机相、使用不同时间的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂催化所得有机相进行理化特性及成分分析,研究不同使用时间的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对生物油有机相产物的影响;对4种不同使用时间的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行热重分析,并对焦炭峰面积进行积分计算.结果表明,生物油有机相产物的产率随着HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的使用时间的延长而增加,理化特性则逐渐降低,经HZSM-5分子筛催化剂催化后,有机相产物中烃类物质的含量相较于生物原油显著增加,达到27. 32%,且各含氧化合物含量明显降低;随着催化剂使用时间的延长,烃类物质含量下降明显,含氧化合物的含量增幅较大;失活HZSM-5催化剂中含有两种类型的焦炭,分别为氢碳比较低的焦炭以及分解温度较高的石墨状焦炭;使用了30 min后的HZSM-5催化剂的焦炭含量较低,仅为3. 52%,当使用了90 min后,焦炭含量达到15. 38%,催化剂已基本完全失活.     

提取加氢失活催化剂中钨和钼的研究

石油需求量的提高必然增加对环境和资源的压力,所以世界各国必须改善油品的质量,提高油品的加工深度,于是带来了催化加氢技术的快速发展[1]。与此同时,加氢催化剂的数量迅猛增长以及其失去活性的问题导致这些催化剂通常被当做废品大量排放。这样既不利于环境保护,又导致了大量有用金属的流失。研究回收利用加氢失活催化剂中的有效金属具有很大的社会效益和经济效益。本文从催化加氢的相关概念入手,论述了失活的原因及处理办法,最后主要针对钨、钼的提取做了详细的探讨。     

降低船舶NOx排放的NO催化氧化联合SCR试验研究

用浸渍法制备钴基催化剂,考察了载体、活性组分负载量、焙烧温度、助剂等制备条件对钴基催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响,结果表明：以ZrO2为载体,活性组分负载量为10%,表面活性剂含量5%,在350℃焙烧的催化剂具有最佳的NO催化氧化性能,在NO进口浓度700ppm、O2体积分数5%、空速27000 h-1的条件下,200℃时NO氧化率可达49%,满足快速SCR的条件。对NO催化剂进行孔隙结构及XRD表征,结果表明催化剂比表面积的大小不是决定催化剂活性的必要条件,而Co3O4晶体平均颗粒尺寸的大小对催化剂活性有一定影响。考察了空速对催化剂效率的影响,发现NO催化氧化剂在较高空速下仍居有一定活性,并对低温、高空速条件下SCR的反应效率有较大提升。在180℃时,SCR的NO去除效率由联合前的53%提高至65%。     

铜锰混合型催化剂催化性能研究

分别选取H2,CO,苯,正庚烷作为实验的单一代表物质,苯-正庚烷混合气作为联合实验的代表物质,对2种铜锰混合型催化剂在不同条件下的催化性能进行研究。结果显示,2种催化剂完全转化受试物质为CO2和H2O的温度低于260℃;催化活性和抗湿性能1号催化剂更优;苯的存在对正庚烷转化有促进效果,正庚烷则对苯的转化有所抑制;催化活性越高,苯-正庚烷之间的促进或抑制作用越明显。     

钴的氧化物对氧烛药块分解的催化机理研究

氧烛是一种使用方便、贮存容易、安全可靠的氧源。本文选用化学试剂Co2O3、Co3O4与自制催化剂CoOx作为氧烛药块分解的催化剂。通过性能试验得出,只有自制催化剂CoOx能使氧烛药块完全分解。并通过比表面积(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对各催化剂的组成、物相和形貌及颗粒度的表征,分析了自制催化剂能有效降低氧烛药块分解温度的原因。     

催化剂分子设计新进展

对催化剂分子设计的进展进行了较全面的综述,重点介绍了催化剂计算机辅助设计的应用,如数学模型、专家系统和智能仿生等,讨论了催化剂分子设计存在的问题,对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

催化Prins成环反应的研究综述

对Prins成环反应催化剂体系的进展进行了较全面的综述,重点介绍了构筑C环和含氧(氮)C环的催化剂体系及其反应机理。     

Chemical and mineralogical composition of marine sediments, and relation to their source and transport, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia

The Gulf of Carpentaria is an epicontinental sea, deeply indented in the north of the Australian continent. A selection of 100 samples of the surficial marine sediments collected on a regional grid were analysed for major chemical elements and mineral phases using wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction, optical and electronic microscopy.The surficial sediments of the Gulf are highly heterogenous and consist of both young and relict mineral and carbonate components. The terrigenous fraction is fluvial in origin and consists mainly of quartz (16–68%), minor feldspars (0–9%) and traces of siderite. The clay species determined include kaolinite, mixed layers of smectite–illite and illite; clays range up to 15% and do not present a clear pattern of distribution. Biologically productive areas of the Gulf, mainly in shallower parts, supply the carbonate component of the sediment. The carbonate material is comprised of aragonite (7–30%), low-Mg (5–30%) and high-Mg calcite (7–28%), and has variable degrees of alteration caused by sediment transport and/or diagenesis. Such processes are partly reflected in the regional distribution of mineral and chemical components throughout the Gulf. The interpretation of the data set was further refined by cluster analysis (Ward's method), which separated eight clusters (provinces) of sedimentary material. The eastern side appears to be the main source of both terrigenous and carbonate sediment, which is inferred to be transported clockwise. During this dispersion, physicochemical and mineralogical changes take place; the sediments become finer grained and characterised by more stable species of carbonates. As a consequence, the center and the northwest sections are clay-rich and contain dominantly low-Mg calcite.Ooids are relict components that have been identified in areas in which they were not mentioned by previous studies, notably in the southeast. These carbonate particles consist of concentric layers of aragonite deposited around a nucleus of angular quartz, most likely of fluvial origin.This study indicates a complex history over a short time frame with sediment supply, biological production and current patterns being the main factors that control the sediment character and its regional distribution within the Gulf.     

纳米碳酸钙表面接枝改性对环氧胶粘剂性能的影响

纳米碳酸钙在胶粘剂中的聚集团聚会影响其在胶粘剂中得到广泛的应用，因此，采用改性剂改性纳米碳酸钙成了控制其团聚的有效措施．采用傅立叶红外光谱（RTIR）、热重（TG—DTA）、扫描电镜（SEM）、剪切强度等测试方法研究了DL-α-丙氨酸改性纳米碳酸钙的改性机理，并将其做为填料加入到树脂中，研究其对环氧胶粘剂粘结性能的影响．结果表明：DL-α-丙氨酸以化学键合的方式吸附在纳米碳酸钙的表面，改性纳米碳酸钙在环氧胶粘剂中分散性良好，其填充的环氧胶粘剂，使剪切强度提高了2MPa．由此得出：改性纳米碳酸钙作为环氧胶粘剂的填料，可以有效地提高胶粘剂的粘结性能．     

某船用柴油机SCR系统匹配性能试验分析

针对某船用柴油机,在D2试验循环模式下进行原机和加装SCR系统后的性能对比试验,分析SCR反应器在无尿素喷射时对柴油机排气特性和经济性的影响,同时还分析按氮氨比为1∶1进行尿素喷射时SCR系统的工作性能。试验结果表明:柴油机安装SCR系统后,排气背压和排气温度均有所上升;经济性略有下降,额定工况下降低幅度在1%左右;虽然增压器后NOX排气浓度增大,但NOX质量流量下降幅度较大,额定工况下降幅度为12.3%,尿素基本喷射量标定计算应以加装SCR反应器后的柴油机排气参数为依据;NOX加权比排放由原机的12.63 g/k Wh降低到11.52 g/k Wh,降低了8.7%。按氮氨比为1∶1的比例进行尿素喷射时,SCR系统能满足Tire III的NOX排放限值要求。研究结果可为SCR系统设计和尿素喷射量的标定提供一定的指导依据。     

Seasonal productivity dynamics in the pelagic central Benguela System inferred from the flux of carbonate and silicate organisms

Flux of bulk components, carbonate- and silicate-bearing skeleton organisms, and the δ¹⁵N-isotopic signal were investigated on a 1-year time-series sediment trap deployed at the pelagic NU mooring site (Namibia Upwelling, ca. 29°S, 13°E) in the central Benguela System. The flux of bulk components mostly shows bimodal seasonality with major peaks in austral summer and winter, and moderate to low export in austral fall and spring. The calcium carbonate fraction dominates the export of particulates throughout the year, followed by lithogenic and biogenic opal. Planktonic foraminifera and coccolithophorids are major components of the carbonate fraction, while diatoms clearly dominate the biogenic opal fraction. Bulk δ¹⁵N isotopic composition of particulate matter is positively correlated with the total mass flux during summer and fall, while negatively correlated during winter and spring. Seasonal changes in the intensity of the main oceanographic processes affecting the NU site are inferred from variations in bulk component flux, and in the flux and diversity patterns of individual species or group of species. Influence from the Namaqua (Hondeklip) upwelling cell through offshore migration of chlorophyll filaments is stronger in summer, while the winter flux maximum seems to reflect mainly in situ production, with less influence from the coastal and shelf upwelling areas. On a yearly basis, dominant microorganisms correspond well with the flora and fauna of tropical/subtropical waters, with minor contribution of near-shore organisms. The simultaneous occurrence of species with different ecological affinities mirrors the fact that the mooring site was located in a transitional region with large hydrographic variability over short-time intervals.     

关于桥式抓斗卸船机四卷筒差动牵引小车系统传动链故障分析与低速制动器设置必要性的探讨

为提高工作效率,对桥式抓斗卸船机四卷筒差动牵引小车系统设置低速制动器。分析传动链零件失效形式与后果。阐述低速制动器设置的必要性以及保证系统可靠性的主要控制措施。