静水压力下纤维缠绕复合材料壳体耐压因子的优化设计（英文）

基于遗传算法和数值分析一体式优化平台,以设计压力因子为目标函数,结构失稳和材料静强度破坏为约束条件,纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式为变量,对静水压力作用下碳/环氧、硼/环氧和玻璃/环氧等三种复合材料壳体的耐压因子进行优化设计。结果表明,复合材料耐压壳体在深海环境下能够提供充足的正浮力;对于不同的复合材料,最大设计压力受限的因素有所不同,主要受限于结构失稳或材料强度破坏;纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式对设计压力因子具有显著影响。文中最后提出变厚度设计、复合材料肋骨等增强方式,旨在解决结构失稳或材料强度破坏对最大设计压力的限制,研究成果可为复合材料耐压壳体结构设计提供参考。     

静水压力下纤维缠绕复合材料壳体耐压因子的优化设计

基于遗传算法和数值分析一体式优化平台,以设计压力因子为目标函数,结构失稳和材料静强度破坏为约束条件,纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式为变量,对静水压力作用下碳/环氧、硼/环氧和玻璃/环氧等三种复合材料壳体的耐压因子进行优化设计.结果表明,复合材料耐压壳体在深海环境下能够提供充足的正浮力;对于不同的复合材料,最大设计压力受限的因素有所不同,主要受限于结构失稳或材料强度破坏;纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式对设计压力因子具有显著影响.文中最后提出变厚度设计、复合材料肋骨等增强方式,旨在解决结构失稳或材料强度破坏对最大设计压力的限制,研究成果可为复合材料耐压壳体结构设计提供参考.     

夹层圆柱壳结构的优化设计

针对一种全新的潜艇耐压壳体结构形式——夹层圆柱壳结构形式,借助适用于该种结构形式的解析法计算公式,并选定约束条件进行了优化设计,编写了优化程序;分析了该种结构形式与单层耐压壳体结构形式相比较所存在的利弊;在比较过程中,给出了四个优化算例以及比较结果,通过比较分析得出了这样的结论:对于建造大潜深的潜艇,夹层圆柱壳结构形式是一种可以考虑的结构形式。     

夹层圆柱壳结构的应力与总稳定性分析

提出了一种新型潜艇耐压壳体结构形式--夹层圆柱壳结构形式,通过解析法和有限元法计算结果的比较,讨论了适用于该种结构形式的解析法计算公式.     

夹层圆柱壳结构的参数分析与优化

由于潜艇大潜深的需要，曾有人提出过一种全新的潜艇耐压壳体结构形式——夹层圆柱壳结构形式，并给出了适用于该种结构形式的解析法计算公式。本文针对该种结构形式进行了大量的模型计算，重点进行了参数分析，并对各参数的组合进行了优化。     

夹层圆柱壳结构的应力与总稳定性分析

提出了一种新型潜艇耐压壳体结构形式——夹层圆柱壳结构形式，通过解析法和有限元法计算结果的比较，讨论了适用于该种结构形式的解析法计算公式。     

基于复合材料的水下耐压结构拓扑优化探究

探究基于复合材料的拓扑优化设计方法在水下耐压结构设计中的应用。本文方法是在等值线方法、SIMP(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)模型、灵敏度过滤技术的基础上,推导复合材料的等效刚度矩阵。通过经典桥形结构优化算例、静水压作用下的结构拓扑优化设计以及空心水下耐压结构优化设计,分析了在拓扑相关载荷作用下,复合材料对于水下耐压结构的最优拓扑形式的影响。发现复合材料与各向同性材料结构的优化结果比较相似,而复合材料的铺层方式及角度的变化可能对优化结果产生较大的影响,本文对空心耐压结构的优化结果与MIT团队提出的耐压壳概念相类似,说明复合材料的拓扑优化研究对于未来水下耐压结构的设计具有重要的参考价值及指导意义。     

非金属潜水器耐压壳发展概况及展望

全海深潜水器已成为各国海洋研究的热点,而耐压壳是潜水器的核心部件。深海工作环境对耐压壳的力学性能提出了更高的要求,材料的升级是实现该目标的关键点之一。一些非金属材料,如复合材料、陶瓷、玻璃等,由于具有高比强度、耐腐蚀等特性,尤其适用于海洋装备的制造,在潜水器耐压壳应用领域显示出巨大的潜力。通过对现阶段深海潜水器耐压壳材料需求的论述,基于复合材料、陶瓷、玻璃等几种非金属材料的材料特性,分析其用于潜水器耐压壳的优势,概述几种非金属材料在各国潜水器耐压壳方面的发展和应用情况,总结目前存在的技术问题,并展望该领域值得进一步研究的方向。     

基于复合材料的水下耐压结构拓扑优化探究

探究基于复合材料的拓扑优化设计方法在水下耐压结构设计中的应用.本文方法是在等值线方法、SIMP(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)模型、灵敏度过滤技术的基础上,推导复合材料的等效刚度矩阵.通过经典桥形结构优化算例、静水压作用下的结构拓扑优化设计以及空心水下耐压结构优化设计,分析了在拓扑相关载荷作用下,复合材料对于水下耐压结构的最优拓扑形式的影响.发现复合材料与各向同性材料结构的优化结果比较相似,而复合材料的铺层方式及角度的变化可能对优化结果产生较大的影响,本文对空心耐压结构的优化结果与MIT团队提出的耐压壳概念相类似,说明复合材料的拓扑优化研究对于未来水下耐压结构的设计具有重要的参考价值及指导意义.     

锥柱结合壳加强形式应用研究

在现代潜器的耐压船体结构设计中,广泛采用了锥柱结合壳过渡结构形式。厚板削斜锥壳过渡环是一种新型的加强形式,能有效地减小锥柱结合壳处的局部高应力,并具有结构重量轻、制造工艺简便、加强效果好等特点。为满足现代潜器的发展需求,本文采用迁移矩阵法专用程序,对该种加强形式进行了大量的理论计算和分析研究,以获得最佳的结构形式和参数,为现代潜器应用厚板削斜锥壳过渡环设计提供指导原则。     

Axisymmetric structural behaviours of composite tensile armoured flexible pipes

To address the weight and corrosion challenge in deep-water, replacing the steel tensile armour in flexible pipes with composite materials is an alternative conceptual approach. An axisymmetric structural responses model is built for this novel composite armoured flexible pipe, with interlayer gaps that may occur in the unbonded structure considered through an iterative algorithm. The tensile strength of steel and composite armoured pipes are predicted based on different constitutive relations of steel and composite. Essential quantities are obtained, such as tensile stiffness, deformations of each layer and interlayer gaps or contact pressures. Considering the helix form of carcass and pressure armour, a finite element model is established for the verification of the theoretical model. Case study shows that the tensile stiffness of flexible pipe is overestimated with the interlayer gap ignored. Compared with steel armoured flexible pipe, the composite armoured pipe, whose tensile stiffness decreases less as external pressure increases, meanwhile has higher values of tensile ultimate strength and torsion stiffness. Some suggestions about fiber types and volume fraction for composite tensile strips are given to ensure good performance of axial tensile strength and stiffness.     

基于光电复合缆的水声信号采集发射传输系统

众所周知水下电磁环境复杂,在水下采用电缆传输电信号非常容易受到海洋电磁环境干扰,并且随着距离的增加,电信号受到干扰和衰减也就越大.因此水下中长距离的信号传输采用光电复合缆传输是一个比较好的选择,光纤用来传递水声信号,电缆用来传输电力.因此本文设计了一种基于光电复合缆的水声信号采集发射传输系统,能够很好地解决上述问题.本设计将要采集和发射的水声模拟信号在采集发射端和主机端转换成光信号,端到端之间的传输采用光信号,而采集发射端的供电则由光电复合缆的电缆提供.     

Hydrothermally degraded carbon fiber / epoxy plates subjected to underwater explosive loading in a fully submerged environment

An experimental and computational investigation was conducted to evaluate the underwater blast response of fully submerged carbon fiber composite plates after prolonged exposure to saline water. The material was a biaxial carbon fiber/epoxy composite with a [±45°] fiber orientation layup. The plates were placed in a saline water bath with a temperature of 65 °C for 35 and 70 days, which simulates approximately 10 and 20 years of operating conditions in accordance to Fick's law of diffusion coupled with Arrhenius's Equation and a reference ocean temperature of 17 °C. Underwater blast experiments were performed in a 2.1 m diameter pressure vessel. The composite plates were placed in the center of the vessel while fully submerged in water, and an RP-85 explosive was detonated at a standoff distance of 102 mm from the center of the plate. Two cases of fluid hydrostatic gage pressures were investigated: 0 MPa, and 3.45 MPa. Two high speed cameras were utilized for three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation, which provided full-field displacements and velocities of the composite plates during underwater blast loading. A third high speed camera captured the behavior of the explosive gas bubble. Moreover, the pressure fields generated by the explosive detonation and resulting gas bubble were recorded with tourmaline pressure transducers. A water diffusion study was completed which showed that the diffusion of water into the composites reached a point of complete saturation after 35 days of exposure. Quasi-static material characterization tests were performed before and after prolonged exposure to saline water. The properties obtained from quasi-static testing also served as material inputs for the numerical models. The quasi-static test results showed that the tensile modulus E_1,2 does not change with exposure to saline water, whereas the in-plane shear modulus G₁₂ decreases with saline water exposure. During blast loading, for the case of 0 MPa hydrostatic gage pressure, the gas bubble interacts with the composite plate substantially. In such an event, the out of plane displacement increased for saline water exposed plates when compared to virgin structures. For the case of 3.45 MPa hydrostatic gage pressure, the gas bubble does not visibly interact with the composite plate. In this case, the out of plane displacement for specimens exposed to saline water was similar to the virgin specimen. A fully coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian fluid structure interaction simulation was performed by using the DYSMAS code. The numerical simulations showed that the displacement of fully submerged composite plates is driven by the displacement of fluid, as well as the size of the gas bubble formed by the explosive rather than the peak pressure generated by the explosive. The numerical simulations were in agreement with the experimental findings in terms of pressure history and plate deformation.     

复合材料螺旋桨弯扭耦合刚度特性分析

[目的]复合材料螺旋桨的弯扭耦合变形程度反映了桨叶的刚度特性,而桨叶刚度特性又与其水动力性能存在一定的相关性,将从刚度的角度对复合材料螺旋桨的纤维铺层进行优化设计.[方法]首先,以DTMB 4383复合材料螺旋桨为研究对象,基于复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合自迭代算法,构建桨叶弯扭刚度数值计算方法;然后,分别在桨叶铺设单向碳纤...     

碳纤维复合材料在舰船鞭天线中的应用及制备TN82

简述了碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）的性能特点,并对CFRP在舰船鞭天线方面的应用进行了归纳总结。     

船舶内装板耐火分隔结构设计与性能研究

设计一种以气凝胶和铝蜂窝材料为主的船舶内装板结构。介绍了船舶內装板耐火分隔定义及设计方法。根据耐火分隔标准试验,设计以电加热板模拟加热炉温升的耐火分隔小尺寸样件模拟试验。根据小样模拟试验原理,建立耐火分隔有限元模型,结果表明,仿真和试验结果较为接近,仿真计算方法可以为耐火分隔结构优化提供手段。通过仿真分析计算,得到船舶内装板中气凝胶的最小厚度为5mm,內装板结构整体重量较50mm厚复合岩棉板轻25%。研究方法可以为新型耐火分隔结构的设计提供参考。     

复合材料导管导流罩渐进失效分析

基于连续损伤力学（Continuum Damage Mechanics,CDM）理论对复合材料导管导流罩进行渐进失效分析,结合刚度降级方法从材料失效角度对导流罩结构极限承载能力和失效演变情况进行研究。利用APDL参数化语言编写程序建立复合材料导管导流罩有限元模型,应用多帧重启动及弧长法实现分析过程。根据Tsai-Wu失效准则判断复合材料损伤及损伤原因,并对失效单元进行连续记录。结果表明：复合材料导流罩结构最先出现基体开裂失效模式,此时少量破坏对导流罩整体结构性能影响较小;随着载荷继续增加出现纤维断裂失效模式;在纤维断裂大规模出现时,载荷位移非线性关系逐渐明显,结构性能急剧下降;整个过程几乎没有出现界面剪切失效情况。根据结构载荷位移曲线和失效单元数目变化情况,导流罩承载时的Tsai-Wu失效因子作为复合材料导管导流罩的强度校核指标具有理论和实际意义。     

On the effect of the ply stacking sequence on the failure of composite pipes under external pressure

The use of high performance structural composites has become very important over the last decades, especially where weight is an essential factor. Particularly in the oil and gas industry, several designs of composite pipes for deep water applications have been recently proposed as competitive solutions against traditional steel pipes. Thus, it is important to assess the performance of composite pipes under high external pressure in order to avoid pipe failure or overconservative designs. In this paper, experimental tests of different composite pipe configurations are performed and then compared to analytical and numerical predictions. Unlike the case of internal pressure loads, the collapse pressure of composite pipes depends on the initial ovality and on the ply stacking sequence. The collapse resistance of different composite pipes is firstly studied through simplified analytical equations combined with different failure criteria. Then, a finite element model is developed using a progressive failure criterion [1]. Both analytical and numerical failure predictions were compared to experimental tests carried out on four composite pipes produced with different ply stacking sequence by the filament winding method [2]. An experimental-numerical-analytical comparison shows that numerical and analytical models provide results in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Finally, a parametric analysis is carried out to show the effect of ovality and ply stacking sequence on the failure pressure of composite pipes.     

连续玄武岩纤维增强复合材料船体水下爆炸响应的数值仿真

运用有限元程序MSC.Dytran数值计算水下爆炸载荷作用下连续玄武岩纤维复合材料船体舱段结构的响应,采用层合板模型模拟纤维复合材料,选取一般耦合算法计算流体与结构的耦合效应,并将计算结果与E玻璃纤维复合材料船体仿真结果进行比较,分析2种材料船体结构压力时历曲线、破坏起始位置及破坏形式,得出结论:玄武岩纤维复合材料和E玻璃纤维复合材料船体底板在爆炸载荷的作用下起始破坏形式不同,玄武岩纤维的压缩强度和拉伸强度之比较高,在实际设计制造中更有优势。在船舶建造中可以使用连续玄武岩纤维复合材料替代玻璃纤维复合材料。