高纬度多年冻土地区公路路基施工技术

结合内蒙古省道301线根河至拉布大林段公路工程设计与施工,根据高纬度多年冻土地区气候、地质特征以及多年冻土物理力学性质,详细阐述高纬度多年冻土地区公路路基施工方法与技术措施,以及检查和监测方法。施工完成后,没有出现路基产生冻胀、融沉变形、翻浆、纵向裂缝质量病害,路基安全稳定,多年冻土环境得到了有效的保护。     

热棒保温材料复合路基降温效果现场试验研究

基于青藏高原北麓河地区热棒与保温材料复合试验路基的地温数据分析,发现热棒连续的工作时间从10月上、中旬开始到次年2月底、3月初结束,在此之后的适当条件下热棒也会进行二次工作或多次工作;如果以-2℃等温线到热棒的距离来评价热棒(群)的降温效果,则保温材料路基和热棒群共同作用的影响半径为1.92m(阳坡)和2.12m(阴坡)。热棒保温材料复合路基在夏季保持了较低的地温,对冻土区来说是一种非常好的冷却路基形式。     

浅谈片、块石通风路基在多年冻土地区路基中的应用

多年冻土区修筑公路等建筑物后,改变了多年冻土地表的冻土水热条件,造成多年冻土融化,路基失稳,导致一系列的公路病害。片、块石利用多孔介质自然对流传热和热屏蔽特性,有利于保护冻土,保持路基稳定性。片、块石路基有效改善了多年冻土区路基下热状况,是一种有效保护多年冻土的工程措施。     

多年冻土区保温板路基的优化设计

通过对多年冻土地区公路保温板基路国道214线、青藏公路试验段地温进行分析,结合有限元数值模拟方法进行研究,提出多年冻土区保温板路基的优化设计.     

信息园地

1科学研究支撑共和至玉树公路建设共和至玉树公路全长628km,平均海拔4000m以上,自然条件恶劣,地质条件复杂,多年冻土分布广泛,是进行高原高寒多年冻土研究的最佳载体。5月末省交通厅组织召开了依托共和至玉树公路实施研究的科技项目《国道214线多年冻土环境现状及变化趋势》、《共和至玉树(结古)高速公路多年冻土路基工程关键技术研究》、《高寒地区高速公路路面结构设计与施工控制技术研究》、《高温多年冻土区桥梁桩基础及大孔径波纹管涵关键技术研究》和《高温多年冻土区隧道设     

青藏铁路格拉段某断面冻土路基病害及防治措施分析

气候变暖的背景下,青藏铁路冻土路基稳定性面临严峻挑战,主要表现为路基出现沉降、开裂等病害。本文通过分析青藏铁路多年冻土区K1496+沉降产生原因进行分析,并通过分析长周期的变形监测数据,讨论了路基采取块石护坡和热棒等防护措施的作用效果,为多年冻土区路基病害防治提供借鉴。     

G214线共和至玉树公路某段碎石路基温度场分析

论文针对G214线共和至玉树公路K440+100碎石路基在多年冻土区路基中应用的适宜性展开研究,分析了碎石路基形式的温度随深度、时间的变化情况。结果表明各个测点的地温年变化近似均呈现正弦分布形式,且地温周期大致相同;各个测点的全年温差随深度增加均减小,可推断出活动层厚度;路基横断面对称位置处呈现不对称性,可能导致路基的不均匀变形。研究成果可进一步为类似工程提供依据。     

管道通风路基试验的探讨

简要介绍了在214国道进行的多年冻土区管道通风路基试验工程的科研情况,并借鉴铁路通风路基试验工程的监测资料,分析了管道通风对于强化路基稳定性的工程效果.     

多年冻土区路基片石保温护坡效果研究

片石保温护坡是保护多年冻土的一种有效工程措施。本文结合国道214线病害整治工程和共和至玉树高速公路及青藏铁路试验工程的测试资料,通过片石护坡路基与普通路基的对比分析,研究在路基边坡上铺设了片石层后,片石层对路基及基底多年冻土降温效果特征。     

浅谈多年冻土地区公路处置措施

总结分析了现有多年冻土地区公路处置措施,对热棒、保温法、碎石路基、碎石护坡等处置措施的原理、效果进行了阐述。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.