减摇水舱的固有频率和阻尼研究与试验分析

减摇水舱是一种减小船舶横摇,抵抗横倾的常用装置.设计减摇水舱最重要的两个参数是固有频率和阻尼.目前常用的确定减摇水舱固有频率和阻尼的方法大致分两种:一是利用流体力学理论分析或者经验公式进行计算;二是通过试验的方式来测得.由于减摇水舱内水的流动特性比较复杂,所以理论计算十分复杂,而且得到的结果误差也比较大.经验公式只可作为粗略估计.试验的方式对实验台和船模的硬件要求比较高,而且周期比较长.文章提出了一种利用CFD软件进行仿真计算确定水舱固有频率和阻尼的新方法,并且和水舱摇摆台试验结果进行了对照,证明了其可行性和准确性.     

减摇水舱性能试验摇摆模拟台阻尼力矩的模拟研究

减摇水舱性能试验摇摆模拟台是根据相似准则建立的一种模拟在波浪作用下船舶横摇运动的试验装置。为使摇摆模拟台能够模拟各种类型船舶的运动，要求模拟台的转动惯量、阻尼力矩和波浪干扰力矩都是可调节的。利用硬件方法模拟阻尼力矩具有许多不确定因素，很难保证模拟的阻尼力矩值与要求的阻尼力矩一致，这给减摇水舱性能预报带来诸多困难。本文提出了一种利用软件模拟船舶横摇阻尼力矩的方法，仿真分析和试验结果表明该方法能够模拟各种船舶的阻尼力矩，满足模拟台阻尼力矩模拟要求。     

U型水舱结构阻尼对减摇性能影响的数值计算研究

水舱的结构阻尼是影响减摇效果的重要因素之一,目前阻尼最常用的研究方法是模型衰减试验。本文在验证了数值方法准确性的基础上,通过基于VOF方法全尺度CFD数值计算,比较了三种不同阻尼结构的水舱周期和阻尼的变化,并在此基础上进行强迫振荡模拟,对比三种结构的水舱抗摇力矩及其相位的变化,最后本文提出了一种基于数值计算的评估水舱在规则波中减摇效果的方法,结果表明该评估方法能够很好地反映阻尼结构对水舱减摇效果的影响,在水舱的设计中可作为阻尼结构的设计依据。     

基于Matlab的船舶减摇水舱自动控制与仿真研究

稳定性是船舶航行质量的重要指标,远洋航行的船舶受到海风、海浪的影响,往往会发生横摇、振荡等运动。其中,横摇是指船舶在风浪作用力下产生的周期性摇摆运动,甚至会引起船舶发生倾覆等危险事故。因此,船舶工业领域投入了大量的物力、财力开发船舶的减摇装置,常见的减摇装置包括减摇鳍、减摇水舱等。减摇水舱依靠船舶横摇运动的能量使水舱内的水流动,产生的力矩可以有效地降低船舶横摇,具有结构简单、成本低、易于控制等优点,广泛应用于集装箱运输船、科学考察船等。本文针对船舶的减摇水舱,在仿真平台Matlab中研究了减摇水舱的自动控制系统,并进行了减摇水舱的结构优化设计和控制响应的仿真。本研究对改善船舶减摇水舱的自动化水平,提高结构强度有一定的指导意义。     

JD槽型水舱特性和减摇性能预报

槽型减摇水舱尺度的变化对船横摇运动有一定的影响。根据上海交大船舶流体力学研究室槽型减摇水舱模型试验的结果,给出JD槽型水舱的阻尼系数值。 用渡边理论和Conolly理论计算了不同排水量和横摇周期时,船装槽型减摇水舱后的横摇响应曲线。用ITTC双参数海浪谱预报了不同有义波高时水舱的减摇效果。 通过回归分析给出槽型水舱减摇效率的计算公式,并与试验资料进行了比较,表明计算公式是满意的。 给出船在安装JD槽型水舱计算减摇效率的公式和图谱以供初始设计时使用。     

船舶减摇水舱试验台架横摇运动模拟

本文介绍了由微机控制的船舶减摇水舱试验台架，利用这套试验装置可以实时模拟在规则波和不规则波情况下装备有水舱的船舶的摇摆，这里着重介绍了对船舶影响最大的横摇的模拟，从而为研究减摇水舱对船舶的作用，评估其减摇效果，为研究和设计减摇水舱提供了可靠的依据。     

减摇水舱台架系统中横摇阻尼的模拟实现

在减摇水舱台架模拟实船运动过程中，横摇阻尼的模拟是个技术难点。给出了船舶横摇阻尼和阻尼模拟的理论基础，提出了一种新的阻尼模拟方法，并对阻尼模拟在规则波和不规则波下进行了仿真。结果表明此模拟方法具有可行性，最后应用到减摇水舱台架系统中，实验证明方法行之有效，从而在此基础上做横摇、横荡实验，为实船装备减摇水舱提供试验数据。     

横荡对被动式减摇水舱运动的影响研究

被动式减摇水舱是减少船舶摇摆的重要装置之一,目前对它的研究大多数都只针对单纯横摇运动。而本文在考虑了横荡对水舱运动的影响后,基于U型被动式减摇水舱理论推导了耦合横荡的“船舶一水舱”系统的数学模型,并通过仿真和试验研究证实了考虑横荡对水舱的影响是很必要的,更符合于实际情况。     

被动可控式减摇水舱

去年,中国的一艘5000 TEU集装箱船APL号在飓风海域遇主机故障,致使该船摇摆角度超过30°,结果该船上的大约400只集装箱倾入大海,直接赔偿损失达5000万美元之多。 对如此大幅度的摇摆,可通过安装减摇装置——诸如减摇鳍、舵减摇、减摇水舱等——来减小或避免。其中,减摇水舱对于滚装船、客货船、集装箱船等类船舶最为有效。 德国Intering GmbH公司的被动可控式减摇水舱,有自动化、免维修、简操作、少占容、低成本、高可靠等特点,可谓是船舶设计者及船东首选的减摇装置。     

U型水舱在船舶中的垂向布置问题

基于“船舶－被动式U型减摇水舱”系统运动微分方程，分析了U型减摇水舱在船舶中的垂向位置对船舶横摇质量惯性矩、横摇复原系数、横摇固有频率、船舶与水舱的耦合惯性矩等系统方程参数及对船舶横摇运动和舱内液体运动的影响。结果表明，水舱垂向位置高船舶横摇中心越远，由舱内液体引起的船舶横摇质量惯性矩和横摇复原系数越大，船舶横摇固有频率则越小。而耦合惯性矩则随水舱布置高度的变化呈减小的趋势。对于各种不同类型的船舶，存在一个使舱内液体不发生振荡的奇异位置，这时水舱不产生任何的减摇效果，船舶的横摇运动与不安装水舱时相同。利用我校所研制的减摇水舱模型性能摇摆台进行了水舱模型不同垂向布置时的强迫振荡试验，试验结果与仿真结果具有很好的一致性。指出了除水舱固有频率和水舱阻尼外，水舱在船舶中的垂直方向位置也是影响水舱减摇性能和船舶减摇后的横摇运动的主要因素之一，在减摇水舱设计初期应当予以考虑。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.