多种地铁减振结构在直线和曲线段减振效果分析

为了研究多种地铁减振轨道结构在直线段和曲线段列车行驶时的减振效果,对比分析了铺设有单趾弹条扣件、梯形轨枕、橡胶隔振垫道床、钢弹簧浮置板道床4种轨道结构的断面处隧道壁的垂向振动加速度实测结果,然后将实测结果通过FFT变换以及考虑Z计权因子修正的1/3倍频方法得到其Z振级,对比分析减振轨道与普通整体道床隧道壁分频振级（Z振级）均方根的差值,结果表明:不同的轨道减振结构,不同的地段,不同的中心频率,隧道壁垂向振动加速度幅值都不同。总体上,钢弹簧浮置板道床轨道减振效果最好,橡胶隔振减振床轨道次之,然后是梯形轨枕轨道。     

有砟轨道动刚度特性及影响因素分析

应用轨道结构的动力学频域分析方法,研究了有砟轨道的动刚度特性及轨道参数对它的影响。有砟轨道动刚度随频率变化幅度很大,在激振频率为72 Hz时达到最小值55 kN/mm,约为静刚度的60 %。扣件刚度、扣件阻尼、轨枕类型、道床弹性模量对有砟轨道动刚度都有影响。     

阻尼沥青路面降噪特性的研究

为了评价阻尼路面的减振性能,通过轮胎振动衰减实验,分析轮胎/路面试件系统的阻尼系数,三种材料AC试件、阻尼路面试件、水泥板试件,其中轮胎/阻尼路面试件系统的阻尼最大;通过整车激振实验,分析振动系统中力传递的特性。根据轮胎不同位置处以及车体的振动加速度频普,比较AC试件、阻尼路面试件两种材料的振动传递特性,认为阻尼路面材料减振效果明显。     

减振型双块式无砟轨道合理刚度匹配研究

为研究城际铁路减振型双块式无砟轨道的合理刚度匹配,基于轮轨系统耦合动力学理论,结合我国城际铁路的运营特点,建立了城际铁路车辆-减振型双块式无砟轨道耦合动力分析模型,分析了列车在时速200 km和160 km时的轮轨动力响应。结果表明:对列车最高运行速度为200 km/h的城际客运专线,建议钢轨允许垂向位移控制在2 mm以内,减振垫的垂向位移应控制在1 mm左右;支点反力、钢轨位移受扣件刚度的影响显著,减振垫刚度是决定底座板加速度及道床板位移的决定性因素。城际铁路“在大站停”列车时速200 km、“站站停”列车最高时速160 km时,扣件合理刚度可取为42~49 kN/mm,减振垫的合理刚度可取为0.036~0.044 N/mm3。     

高速铁路路基不均匀沉降对胶黏道砟道床过渡段的影响研究

以中兰客专某车站为例，采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立胶黏道砟道床过渡段的车辆-轨道-路基空间耦合模型，分析列车双向行驶时不平顺激励下折角沉降差异值的影响规律。研究结果表明：折角沉降差异值增大时，列车从无砟轨道至有砟轨道钢轨垂向振动位移与轮轨力增大幅度明显大于反向行驶；上行和下行钢轨垂向位移最大峰值点均处在折角沉降起点9 m的位置，而车体垂向加速度、轮轨垂向力上行和下行其峰值点位置均不相同。     

隧道内长枕式无砟轨道结构性能分析

针对长大隧道内轨道养护维修困难、基础上拱变形、病害整治难度大的问题,在弹性长枕式无砟轨道的基础上优化,提出了隧道内长枕式无砟轨道,通过扣件和枕下垫板组成的双调高系统进行垂向调高;基于有限元法和车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,对其进行受力状态和参数分析.结果 表明:隧道内长枕式无砟轨道可通过更换枕下垫板实现向下80 mm的调整...     

随机路面激励下车辆系统参数对汽车行驶平顺性的影响研究

基于汽车系统动力学和随机振动理论，建立了简化的人体-座椅、车身及车轮3-DOF车辆振动模型，采用线性滤波白噪声法建立了路面激励模型，并仿真分析了常见C级路面的不平度特性。以C级随机路面激励为车辆振动系统输入，运用变步长四阶Runge-Kutta法求解了车辆系统数学模型。在时域和频域两方面，仿真分析了座椅刚度、阻尼，悬架刚度、阻尼及轮胎刚度对座椅、悬架性能的影响，以及路面不平度和车速对座椅垂向加权加速度的影响。得出了座椅加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷功率谱密度随座椅刚度、阻尼系数，悬架刚度、阻尼系数及轮胎刚度变化的规律。     

无锡地铁运行引起上马墩站振动的现场试验研究

高频次的地铁运营引发的超量振动对于周边生活和工作造成了明显的负面影响,为了获取地铁诱发振动的传播规律,在无锡地区进行从车站到上盖物业的现场振动实测。在上马墩站搭建整套加速度信号振动测试系统,获取各测点3个方向时域加速度信号,分析结构在时域和频域的基本特征,对地铁运行造成上马墩站振动影响进行评价。研究发现： 1）垂向振动在通常情况下明显占优,横向、纵向振动相当; 2）上盖物业振动主要集中为25~50 Hz; 3）车站的Z振级接近规范规定白天限值,超出了夜间限值,有必要采取结构优化或减振措施对地铁运行引起的振动进行控制。     

交通荷载作用下市政道路路面振动测试与分析

对市政道路进行减隔振设计，需先研究交通车辆荷载引起的道路振动特性。实测了广州市南大路和番禺大道北辅路在四种车辆和混合车流时的路面振动加速度，并对测试数据进行峰值、频谱、VLz振级分析，研究车辆荷载引起的市政道路振动规律。结果表明:道路振动加速度响应幅值与汽车轴重、行驶速度、道路结构刚度密切相关，随着汽车轴重、车辆行驶速度和道路刚度的增大而增大；汽车荷载激励以竖向振动为主，频率主要在5.0～40.0 Hz之间，能量集中于10.0~20.0Hz范围。     

电动燃油泵振动噪声的分析与控制

为了对汽车燃油泵的振动噪声进行分析与控制,文章结合噪声、振动与声振粗糙度（NVH）实验与仿真模拟分析,通过NVH实验（Artemis/LMS）调查引起车内噪声振动的机理,利用仿真模拟（AltairOptiStruct）分析搭载燃油泵的车身结构动态特性,仿真关键路径精细分析车身工作变形模态（ODS）与节点贡献量（GPA）,为燃油泵振动噪声的优化提出可行性方案。NVH实验与仿真模拟分析结果表明：1）车辆怠速鼓噪声@100Hz与拍频噪声机理：燃油泵工作频率与整车怠速发动机八阶频率耦合发声;2）车辆常用电动燃油泵转子动平衡控制方法不完善,导致动平衡精度缺失,常引起燃油泵工频及谐频振动;3）通过试验与仿真结合快速定位车身薄弱位置,优化车身振动传递灵敏度3 dB,改善整车怠速燃油泵鼓噪声5dB(A)。文章详述NVH实验与仿真模拟结合分析方法,提出了抑制汽车燃油泵振动噪声的有效方案,提高车辆驾乘舒适性,研究结果为汽车电动燃油泵振动噪声控制提供了技术支撑。     

High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

Effect of temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations

The soft under baseplate pad of WJ-8 rail fastener frequently used in China’s high-speed railways was taken as the study subject, and a laboratory test was performed to measure its temperature and frequency-dependent dynamic performance at 0.3?Hz and at ?60°C to 20°C with intervals of 2.5°C. Its higher frequency-dependent results at different temperatures were then further predicted based on the time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) formula. The fractional derivative Kelvin–Voigt (FDKV) model was used to represent the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pad. By means of the FDKV model for rail pads and vehicle–track coupled dynamic theory, high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibrations due to temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads was investigated. Finally, further combining with the measured frequency-dependent dynamic performance of vehicle’s rubber primary suspension, the high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses were discussed. It is found that the storage stiffness and loss factor of the tested rail pad are sensitive to low temperatures or high frequencies. The proposed FDKV model for the frequency-dependent storage stiffness and loss factors of the tested rail pad can basically meet the fitting precision, especially at ordinary temperatures. The numerical simulation results indicate that the vertical vibration levels of high-speed vehicle–track coupled systems calculated with the FDKV model for rail pads in time domain are higher than those calculated with the ordinary Kelvin–Voigt (KV) model for rail pads. Additionally, the temperature- and frequency-dependent dynamic properties of the tested rail pads would alter the vertical vibration acceleration levels (VALs) of the car body and bogie in 1/3 octave frequencies above 31.5?Hz, especially enlarge the vertical VALs of the wheel set and rail in 1/3 octave frequencies of 31.5–100?Hz and above 315?Hz, which are the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and rolling noise (or bridge noise) caused by high-speed railways respectively. Since the fractional derivative value of the adopted rubber primary suspension, unlike the tested rail pad, is very close to 1, its frequency-dependent dynamic performance has little effect on high-speed vehicle–track coupled vibration responses.     

狮子洋隧道洞口列车振动流固耦合分析

根据车辆-轨道耦合模型，采用弹性地基梁板模型，得到列车轨下激振力。按广深港高速铁路狮子洋盾构隧道洞口资料，建立精细的三维数值模型，通过FLAC3D软件对列车荷载引发的隧道动力响应进行了数值模拟，分析了列车振动作用下狮子洋隧道洞口水-土耦合规律。结果表明:在列车振动荷载作用下，孔隙水压力增长区域位于隧道周边的一定范围，主要分布在隧道底部地层, 在左右两隧道之间的隧道下方地层，超孔隙水压力值最大；地层受振位移响应等值线呈倒钟状分布，隧道上方影响范围大，且衰减缓慢，隧道下方影响范围小，且衰减迅速；管片左侧近域地层位移响应最大，列车振动对相邻隧道附近地层的影响不明显，其位移值远远小于左侧的地层位移。     

客运专线弹性支承块式无砟轨道动力分析

为研究弹性支承块式无砟轨道的动力特性,运用动力学基本原理,分析了扣件刚度、块下胶垫刚度与阻尼不同匹配以及轨枕块质量对基础受力的影响。结果表明:在满足轨道整体刚度时,扣件和枕下胶垫应尽量采用较小刚度值;对于不同激振频率段,应分别对待扣件和枕下胶垫阻尼取值;弹性支承块质量也如此。     

爆破振动对宋家湾隧道施工的影响

为评价在生产常规作业阶段爆破施工方式对隧道结构的影响,对宋家湾隧道爆破振动进行监测,以获取主振频率,最终以频率和振动速度2个指标评估隧道爆破作业振动效应.本次爆破的最大振动速度为3.1 cm/s,主振频率范围为27.34～70.31 Hz,最大振动速度远小于国家标准.可知对隧道支护结构影响有限频率范围为27.34～70.31 Hz,远高于隧道的自振频率(一般在3～9 Hz范围内),不会出现共振放大现象.     

基于减隔振措施的曲线段变速地铁列车振动影响研究

为探究运行变速的地铁列车通过减振段引起的环境振动影响，选取成都地铁4号线宽窄巷子—中医大省医院区间钢弹簧浮置板减振段，建立“列车-轨道板-地层”三维有限元模型，并现场测试地铁运行时区间隧道及地表的竖向振动与水平振动，研究减振措施下曲线段变速地铁列车振动特征。结果表明:变速运行列车引起的道床及边墙振动时程曲线呈现出前期增长慢，后期衰减快的特点；列车变速运行下的道床及边墙的振动加速度波形不具备半周期对称性；在曲线段隧道结构的水平振动不可忽略；振动由道床传递至边墙过程中呈跳跃式衰减，钢弹簧浮置板具有良好的减隔振效果；道床和边墙处振动加速度的主要频率范围为60~100 Hz，振动由隧道内传递至地表过程中高频段衰减较快，地表处振动加速度的主要频率范围为5~30 Hz。     

斜拉桥拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术研究

采用数值仿真和现场试验对磁流变阻尼器的减振性能进行了研究。数值仿真计算评估了磁流变阻尼器安装高度、外部激励、阻尼器输入电压等参数对拉索系统模态阻尼比的影响 ,结果表明磁流变阻尼器具有良好的阻尼可调特性 ,调节阻尼器的输入电压可以获得拉索系统的最佳模态阻尼比 ;现场试验表明 ,安装该阻尼器后 ,拉索系统的模态阻尼比提高 3～ 6倍 ,并存在一优化电压 ,在该电压下模态阻尼比达到最大 ;实际风雨振时的现场观测结果显示 ,磁流变阻尼器具有很好的减振效果 ;拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术已在岳阳洞庭湖大桥全桥实施 ,解决了该桥的风雨振问题     

基于HHT分析的浅埋隧道爆破振动控制研究

以青岛地铁施工过程中浅埋段隧道下穿建筑物为例,运用HHT分析理论结合MATLAB软件研究了爆破振动监测信号的时频关系,分析雷管的起爆时间间隔,为振动控制提供理论依据。通过分析发现:1)爆破振动信号的频率基本在90 Hz以下,优势频率范围为20~70 Hz;2)根据《爆破安全规程》规定的安全允许标准,3号民房爆破安全允许振速可定为2.0 cm/s,设计振速1.0cm/s较为保守;3)不考虑雷管自身延时误差的情况下,60 ms将是雷管比较理想的段与段之间延期时间间隔;4)实际爆破过程中,雷管延时误差是普遍存在的,总体误差呈现为正值。