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随着智能网联汽车技术的快速发展,对智能网联汽车的测试需求也在迅速增长。主动安全软目标物能够模拟真实交通参与者,是车辆高级驾驶辅助系统测试中的重要组成部分,其雷达反射特性与真实交通参与者的一致性不仅直接影响测试结果,还是汽车障碍物识别的关键参数。因此,对影响主动安全软目标物雷达反射特性的填充吸波反射材料的性能需求进行研究。根据主动安全软目标物的毫米波吸波反射特性要求,制备新型吸波材料,并对其性能进行了实验室测试。结果表明:使用该吸波材料制备主动安全软目标物,其雷达目标散射截面积(RCS)能够满足 ISO 标准中的参数要求。 相似文献
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随着汽车安全性能要求越来越高,自动紧急制动系统(Autonomous Emergency Braking,AEB)等主动安全配置在汽车上应用越来越广泛。本文针对碰撞前车辆AEB功能的启用对汽车被动安全阶段(100%正面碰撞,FRB)假人离位及损伤可能产生的影响进行探索研究。研究结果表明:AEB启动自动紧急制动功能,乘员假人的头部、颈部、胸部、骨盆部位会相对车辆有一定的前倾运动。并且车辆AEB自动紧急制动功能启动的情况下发生100%正面碰撞,驾驶员损伤值的增高均早于碰撞前车辆未配备AEB功能车辆驾驶员的损伤值,且最高损伤值小于碰撞前车辆未配备AEB功能车辆驾驶员的损伤值,对于骨盆部位则影响不大。碰撞前AEB自动紧急制动系统功能的启用会导致假人有一定的前倾离位,但不一定导致碰撞后假人损伤最高值的增大。 相似文献
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智能汽车测试是其技术开发与应用中必不可少的环节,封闭场景下测试目标物准确反映真实道路环境下交通对象特性是保障测评结果可信的关键,而道路弱势群体服饰色彩是相应测试目标设计的关键参数,也是智能车测评相关标准中要求的一个主要指标。为此,通过对中国某省份2018~2020年间重大交通安全事故案例的分析和筛查,得出178例弱势道路使用者群体伤亡人员样本,首先提取样本服饰颜色,然后选取适当的色彩空间,将色彩数据从RGB(Red-Green-Blue)空间转换至LUV(Lightness-Chroma)空间。以转换结果作为聚类参数,采用K-means聚类算法,获取受害者样本基于季节、出行方式等不同因素下的服饰代表颜色。区别现阶段欧洲标准中目标物黑色上衣/蓝色长裤的搭配组合,黑色上衣/黑色长裤作用于符合中国国情的自动驾驶场景中测试目标物的服饰颜色更具代表性。鉴于中国新车评价规程(China-New Car Assessment Programme, C-NCAP)选取行人目标物与自行车骑行者目标物,将目标物服饰改为黑色上衣/黑色长裤组合,以测试目标物与测试车辆位置分别构建相对横向及纵向运动的多个场景,... 相似文献
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大型载货汽车被动安全性的特点及改进措施 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
大型载货汽车造成的人员死亡仅次于小型客车,工货汽车在交通事故中造成对方伤害的主要因素是:大载货汽车车架结构离地高度大,在前、后方造成轿车钻入碰撞、侧面造成展压,大型载货汽车的质量远大于轿车;与轿车时导致碰撞相容性问题,前、后下部防护装置能有效地防止轿车钻入,合理的能量吸收特性可改善载货汽车与轿车的碰撞相容性。中用交通事故统计数说明载货汽车被动安全性的重要性,深入分析载货汽车被动安全性的特点,最后介绍了改进载货汽车被动安全性的措施。 相似文献
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Annika Stensson Trigell Malte Rothhämel Joop Pauwelussen Karel Kural 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(10):1572-1617
ABSTRACTThis paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well. 相似文献
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《JSAE Review》1999,20(4):505-510
The ride and handling qualities of conventional delivery trucks are wores compared to modern passenger cars. However this vehicles have the power to drive as fast as passenger cars. Vehicle comfort and driving safety are mostly influenced by vertical accelerations and vehicle movements caused by pitch and roll motions. In the paper “Vehicle Dynamics with Adaptive or Semi-Active Suspension Systems – Demands on Software and Hardware” Wallentowitz and Ridlich have shown at AVEC'94 in which way tyre stiffness, shock absorber characteristics, spring stiffness and unsprung mass have an influence on vehicle comfort and active safety. They achieved these results by the theoretical analysis of a quarter-vehicle-model. Their examinations are extended in this paper on the model of a complete delivery truck. By the use of the multibody-simulation tool SIMPACK the road performance of a delivery truck will be analysed. Therefore a complex model of the vehicle has been built up in SIMPACK. Several computer simulations have been carried out to analyse the vehicle comfort and handling characteristics in different standard driving manoeuvres.Furthermore, the potential of improvements is shown by simulating different driving manoeuvres with the complete vehicle model by varying some vehicle characteristics such as tyre stiffness, shock absorber characteristics, spring stiffness and unsprung mass.In addition to that, simulations with models of unconventional spring- and damper-systems have been carried out to demonstrate the potential of improvements by the use of these systems. Two different controller algorithms for a semiactive and an active suspension system have been used an will be compared in this paper. 相似文献
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为获得高速公路车辆分类的量化方法,根据典型测点的各车型轴载谱数据,归纳了高速公路的主要车型,并研究了高速公路车辆分类方法。采用2个独立样本的非参数假设检验,研究了客车与各型货车前轴及单后轴的称重数据是否来自同一总体,在此基础上,采用多个独立样本的非参数假设检验方法研究了各型货车间相同轴型的称重数据是否来自同一总体。研究表明,各型货车力学特性接近,属于同一大类型;而客车与货车的力学特性差异明显,因此可将客车与货车划分为两大类型。非参数假设检验方法为高速公路车辆划分提供了量化的依据。 相似文献
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《国际交通安全学会研究报告》2022,46(4):479-491
India's national road crash statistics indicate a continuing increase in casualties. Pre-crash safety technologies are effective in high-income countries, but it is unclear how these will perform in India and which crash types will remain after their implementation. The study objective was to predict and characterize the crashes resulting in moderate or more-severe injuries (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale 2 or above: MAIS2+) that remain on Indian roads after 22 pre-crash safety technologies have been implemented in all cars, heavy vehicles (buses and trucks), and Powered Two-Wheelers (PTW). Two deterministic rulesets (one optimistic and one conservative) were modeled for each of the pre-crash safety technologies. Each rule was designed and tuned to the functionality of one technology. The data were obtained from the Road Accident Sampling System India (RASSI) database. In addition to the effectiveness of each technology alone, the combined effectiveness of all technologies was estimated. Further, the characteristics of those crashes that none of the technologies would have avoided were determined. Rear-end-specific Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB REAR-END) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) installed in cars and heavy vehicles reduced MAIS2+ crashes the most. Crashes between PTWs and cars were significantly reduced by a rear-end-specific AEB installed in the cars. A pedestrian-specific AEB (AEB-PED) in cars and heavy vehicles was also shown to be effective. The only pre-crash safety technology in PTWs that was included, Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), reduced overall PTW crash involvement, but only reduced PTW-to-pedestrian crashes marginally. The largest proportion of remaining crashes were those that involved PTWs, indicating that PTW safety will remain a concern in future. 相似文献
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基于交通事故卷宗、交通事故视频信息数据,研究机非混行交通环境下典型交通事故形态,构建了面向机非混行交通环境下的自动驾驶汽车测试场景,旨在针对我国较为特殊的机非混行环境下的自动驾驶汽车的测试场景及测试评价方法提供参考。本文首先分析了自动驾驶测试场景的构建需求,建立交通事故数据筛选标准,得到133例可用于构建自动驾驶汽车测试场景的机动车与非机动车交通事故数据集;其次基于《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》行驶要求,对133例交通事故的发生地点、车辆行为、道路类型、环境光线等方面进行解构分析;最后通过聚类分析,建立了5类典型的自动驾驶测试场景模型,并分析了不同场景模型的关键要素,为实际道路测试提供理论指导。 相似文献
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世界经济的快速发展必然带动货运交通量迅速增长,受道路条件、车辆性能和不良驾驶行为等因素综合作用,货车交通事故易发,且经常造成严重的人身财产损失.为提高货运车辆交通安全管理水平,从货车事故理论、主动安全防控技术、安全仿真建模技术3个方面回顾美国货车交通安全技术的研究脉络和主要实践成果,总结公路货车交通安全研究的模型框架、研究热点、主要信息系统及分析技术,探讨有效推进货车交通安全理论研究、技术装备研发和管理实践探索的关键问题和研究趋势.研究发现,翔实可靠的数据是开展货车交通安全理论研究的基础,主动安全理念逐步贯彻于货运交通系统建设和运营全过程,各类仿真技术能够有效拓展货车交通安全研究的广度和深度. 相似文献