急曲线地铁隧道盾构法掘进技术研究

文章分析了急曲线地铁隧道盾构法施工易发生的问题,并结合宜山路-停车场区间长距离特急曲线隧道工程实例,介绍急曲线隧道的盾构法掘进技术.     

浅议盾构法隧道施工过程中的安全控制措施

近年来盾构法隧道施工逐渐成为城市地下铁道施工的主流方法,其特有的施工安全管理问题也引起了广泛关注。文章结合深圳地铁二期工程2号线2222标侨香站—香蜜站—香梅北站两区间的施工实践,对土压平衡式盾构法隧道施工的安全生产进行了研究,并提出了对城市地铁及地下工程施工的安全控制措施。     

地铁隧道施工设备选型与配套

在城市地铁区间隧道施工中广泛使用盾构法进行施工,除采用合适的盾构机外,盾构掘进的配套设备也是隧道施工的关键环节之一,文章针对南京地铁区间隧道的盾构施工实例,重点介绍了设备的选型和配套.     

复合地层中的暗挖隧道施工

广东地区地层复杂多样,地质均匀性差。通常情况下,建设隧道采用的是矿山法与盾构法并存的工法。结合深圳地铁2号线东角头站一湾厦站区间隧道的设计和施工,介绍一些在复合地层中实施暗挖隧道的方法及相关经验。     

新建隧道矿山-盾构法下穿既有地铁车站综合应用研究

文章以深圳地铁10号线福田口岸-福民站区间隧道近接下穿4号线福田口岸站施工实例为依托,针对浅埋暗挖法和盾构法均难以单独满足该工程施工要求的情况,对传统工法进行了改进,制定了先以矿山法开挖上台阶并截桩,然后以素混凝土回填上台阶,最后以盾构法开挖通过形成最终隧道结构的工法方案。通过对该方案的数值模拟分析,发现采用该工法下穿施工时可以满足既有车站及地表的变形控制要求。     

盾构法与浅埋暗挖法结合建造地铁车站技术的结构方案初步研究

盾构法以其安全快速可靠等优点在我国的城市地铁建设中得到了广泛应用.但是由于区间盾构施工和车站施工在速度和组织上的矛盾没有得到很好的解决,也就是盾构过站的问题没有得到很好的解决,使得盾构法施工速度快的优势得不到发挥,同时可能带来较大工期风险.结合国内目前的技术和经济水平,提出一种新的盾构过站问题的解决方案,即盾构先行贯通全线大部分车站行车隧道,再结合明挖法或浅埋暗挖法在适当的时机拓展建造地铁车站.文章以北京地铁四号线角门北路站作为目标车站,对该方案进行了结构设计方面的研究,结果表明:该方案对于提高地铁建设质量、加快地铁建设速度、降低地铁工程造价具有很大的优越性和现实意义.     

广州地铁东山口站站台隧道扩挖修建技术

广州地铁六号线东山口站为国内首例在周边环境复杂条件下实施"先隧后站、盾构隧道扩挖"修建地铁车站的工程。文章介绍了该站左线站台隧道在盾构隧道的基础上扩挖形成地铁车站的主要修建技术及施工特点和难点。实践证明,采用盾构与明(暗)挖法相结合修建地铁车站的施工技术,是城市繁华地区修建地铁车站有效解决区间盾构隧道与车站施工相互干扰难题的重要途径。     

圆形盾构隧道衬砌管片的计算分析

盾构法以其安全、快速等优点在我国地铁隧道施工中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其施工成本相对较高,其中管片造价占盾构隧道总施工费的30%以上.因此,合理地进行盾构隧道管片设计对于控制工程造价具有举足轻重的作用.文章结合工程实例,从荷载、土层参数等方面,采用当前地铁盾构隧道衬砌管片设计计算普遍采用的(修正)惯用法,对管片受力进行了分析研究,得出了一些有助于管片结构设计的结论.     

地铁盾构区间隧道的矿山法施工

盾构法隧道施工经常会遇到上软下硬不均匀地层,此时倘若隧道下穿既有线或建筑物不具备开舱换7.1条件,将会导致盾构机无法正常掘进.在深圳地铁5号线盾构区间上软下硬地层中,局部改用矿山法开挖、初期支护后由盾构机拼装管片通过的施工方法,其经验可供地铁隧道施工参考.     

深圳地铁2号线土建2222标施工管理综述

地铁2222标由四站三区间组成,工程造价5.83亿元,工程内容涵盖了深基坑、大型明挖法车站、盾构法隧道、矿山法隧道,以及盾构空推过矿山法隧道等。工程特点为施工环境恶劣、地下管线密布、地质条件复杂多变、技术难度高、工期异常紧迫。施工过程中,项目部通过精心组织、科学决策、注重制度落实、讲求规范作业、狠抓节点工期、紧盯关键线路、实施工期考核与重奖重罚,使施工进度及质量安全得到了有效保障。地铁2222标的顺利完工,标志着市政总公司已经成功跻身地铁盾构施工高端领域,在深圳本土建筑业企业中率先实现从简单拥有盾构设备向基本掌握地铁盾构施工综合技术的历史性转变。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.