基于流固耦合方法的极地船型破冰性能研究

破冰性能是极地船舶总体性能的重要组成部分,开展极地船舶破冰性能理论研究对极地船舶的船型开发具有重大意义。论文选用带有塑性应变失效准则的弹性断裂失效材料模型模拟平整冰层,采用LS-Dyna流固耦合方法模拟极地船舶在极地无限冰区中连续破冰航行的场景,分析3种不同船型船舶的破冰性能差异。研究结果表明,在平整冰区连续破冰航行过程中,极地船舶所受冰载荷具有高度非线性震荡特征,船首与冰层直接作用区域的应力呈环状分布。直立型首和球鼻型首极地船型主要使冰层发生挤压破坏,而破冰型首极地船型能够有效引导冰层发生下压弯曲破坏,并最大程度地限制冰层的挤压破坏,其破冰性能优于其余两船型。     

不同船首构型的冰区邮轮破冰性能研究

由于冰区邮轮航域的特殊性,冰区邮轮仍需具备一定的破冰性能,开展船首构型对破冰性能的影响研究对冰区的船型开发具有重要的工程指导意义。本文通过建立不同船首构型的冰区邮轮模型,采用ALE方法数值模拟各船型在冰区中以恒定航速连续式破冰前行的运动场景,分析研究不同船首构型的冰区邮轮破冰性能差异。研究结果表明：在船首倾角20°～30°范围内,船体所受的冰阻力先随着船首倾角的增加而降低,在22.5°时达到最低,之后随着船首倾角的增加而逐渐增大;首倾角为22.5°的ModelⅡ船型在破冰航行过程中,船首应变区域最小,因碰撞产生断裂的冰块尺寸更小,从而降低了该船型的冰阻力,其破冰性能在5种对比船型方案中最为优异。     

考虑弹性形变的气垫船低速破冰仿真分析

论文重点探讨了气垫船在低速模式下的破冰机理与受力形式。采用理想化破冰假设，考虑气垫围裙的弹性形变，基于简化的环向裂纹法求解气垫船在全冰面上低速破冰过程中所受的冰力。基于公开发表的气垫船模型试验数据开展仿真分析，计算不同船首形状下的冰阻力，以此解释破冰气垫船船首形状多为扁平的原因。研究表明，在考虑气垫船弹性形变的情况下，载荷时历曲线呈现较强的震荡，表现出很强的非线性；在其他条件不变的情况下，船首形状越接近扁平，所受冰阻力越小。冰载荷分析对于设计气垫破冰船具有一定的应用价值。     

球鼻首结构与刚体和冰载荷的碰撞机理研究

球鼻首耐撞性是船体结构意外极限状态设计和安全评估的重要内容,为了在相应的意外事件中结合相关准则评估结构吸能能力,结构耐撞性特征进行分析应当被充分考虑。本文基于非线性有限元法,对典型球鼻首结构与刚体和冰载荷的碰撞机理进行研究。结果表明,船首与刚体碰撞时,除与刚体接触的区域损伤失效外,甲板也产生了塑性变形,其挠度约为型宽的5.3%。无论与刚体还是冰载荷碰撞时,球鼻首外板的应力-时间曲线和内能-时间曲线都呈现出高度非线性,其振动周期约为4 ms。船首与冰载荷碰撞时,各构件的吸能大小顺序依次为主船体外板、球鼻首外板、甲板、纵向加强筋和横向加强筋。可见,在球鼻首耐撞性设计和预报中,球鼻首的振动、甲板的变形应被充分考虑,纵向加强筋的数目应被适当增加。     

垂直船首对提高推进性能的效果探讨

在研究了传统的船首形状及性能效果后,发现由于受种种制约因素的限制,船首一般比较肥大,主船体产生的兴波很大,相对而言,球鼻首产生的干涉波比较弱．因此,经过干涉后降低的兴波阻力是有限的,兴波阻力占总阻力的比重仍然很高．为了研究更好的船首形状以降低阻力,获得良好的推进性能,提出了垂直船首的设想．将首垂线延伸到船的最前端,改变了船首水线面形状和球鼻首．利用CFD摸拟分析了垂直船首对推进性能的影响,并做了模型试验．试验发现垂直船首的船模首部兴波明显改善,兴波阻力大幅降低,显著地提高了推进性能,同时也提高了经济效益和环保效益．     

一种撬冰式破冰艏设计及静水阻力计算

基于近年来对X型艏与撬冰式船首的研究，设计一种能够兼顾无冰水域阻力特性的新型撬冰式破冰艏。通过数值模拟计算两型主尺度相同但分别具有新型破冰艏与传统球鼻艏的海工辅助船的静水阻力，并进行对比以及通过船模试验进行验证。结果表明，具有新型破冰艏的船舶在设计航速下的阻力更小，为破冰船静水阻力性能与破冰性能无法同时兼顾的问题提供了新的解决思路。     

大型半潜船球首设计及阻力性能对比分析

在船速较低的肥大型船舶上，安装球鼻艏会在很大程度上降低船舶受到的阻力，球艏对艏部型线有缓和的作用,使船舶艏部水流发生改变,减少艏底漩涡,从而降低形状阻力，进而改善船舶的水动力性能。根据设计的10万吨级半潜船船型的船模静水阻力试验情况，该船舶船首由直立型改为球鼻艏型式，通过对原型和改进后的船型的阻力试验结果进行对比，检验了新船型的减阻性能，同时对船尾伴流场进行了研究，发现船首形状改变对尾部半流场影响不大     

破冰结构与冰载荷相互作用下的破坏模式和损伤机理研究

本文首先利用LS-DYNA建立各向同性粘塑性有限元数值模型,并结合ISO推荐压强-面积理论曲线和相关学者的实验数据,验证数值模型的可靠性。其次,比较两种典型破冰结构的破冰机理和破冰效果,对破冰船在行进方向受到的阻力分别与首部外板倾角和水线面首部夹角的关系做了讨论。最后,分析了普通船舶船首与冰层碰撞时的损伤特点。结果表明：冰刀式破冰结构的破冰作业效率比压溃式更高,而压溃式破冰结构的安全性要比冰刀式更好;船舶与冰排相撞时,船首的易受损部位主要分布在首柱后侧临近区域和两侧船-冰接触区域,其中外板吸能最多,横向骨材吸收撞击时所产生的能量多于纵向骨材。因此,要结合实际航行水域的冰情、船舶功能和主机功率等因素,才能选取合适的破冰结构以达到最好的破冰效果;在破冰船船首设计和建造时,应增加船-冰碰撞区域船首外板的厚度,船首结构尽量采用横骨架式结构。     

为什么有的船舶在船首水下部分要加装一个球形体?

这个球形体叫“球鼻首”,是用来减少兴波阻力、提高船速的一种结构。船舶在航行时,船首和“球鼻首”都分別兴起不同的波浪,只     

基于BP网络的球鼻首参数化优化

本文以某集装箱船为研究对象,对降速航行后的球鼻首进行优化。采用Catia建立船体三维模型,为了产生不同形状的球鼻首,选取球鼻特征参数来描述其基本结构;采用拉丁超立方试验抽样方法得到12组不同形状的球鼻首,提出运用非线性拟合能力较强的BP网络构建球鼻首参数和阻力系数之间的关系模型;采用遗传算法对训练后的网络进行极值寻优。结果显示,优化船型的阻力系数显著降低,说明该方法对球鼻首的优化有一定的借鉴意义。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.