德国产汽车长途试验用油耗计及其应用

文章首先给出了用于电喷发动机汽车长途试验油耗计的基本条件,介绍了几种德国产小型精密流量计的基本结构和参数,给出了基本标定和使用方法.文章对汽车道路油耗试验人员有一定参考意义.     

阻力加载对乘用车WLTC循环排放及油耗影响

基于一辆搭载1.4 L涡轮增压汽油机的乘用车汽车,通过WLTC循环工况测试,分别对比研究了不同阻力加载a和b对整车试验循环排放及油耗的影响。研究发现:阻力加载b在中低速阶段的阻力相对阻力加载a比较小,对排放和油耗均有一定程度的改善;但是第四阶段阻力加载b相对阻力加载a较大,排放和油耗均增加;但是整体综合排放和油耗均有改善。     

整车参数对混合动力汽车NEDC工况油耗的影响

混合动力整车油耗不仅仅取决于混合动力系统的优劣,与整车参数也有很大的关系,但混合动力汽车与传统汽车相比,整车参数对油耗的影响是有一定差别的,本文研究了一些主要的整车参数对混合动力汽车的油耗影响。基于功率分流式混合动力车辆的Amesim仿真模型,选取整车质量、轮胎滚动半径、滑行阻力曲线三个因素并利用正交表的方法分析其对油耗的影响,从而指导利用该模型进行功率分流式混合动力车辆的油耗分析和优化。研究表明,混合动力汽车由于制动能量回收的影响,整备质量对油耗的影响小于传统汽车;由于功率分流的能量控制策略,轮胎滚动半径对油耗的影响很小;滑行阻力对油耗的影响和传统汽车接近。     

基于Vmas的碳平衡法汽车油耗检测应用研究

文章介绍基于Vmas的碳平衡法汽车油耗检测的检测原理、系统构成、计算方法,通过现有废气分析仪和流量计构建了碳平衡油耗测量系统,在汽车和发动机台架上进行稳定工况燃油消耗量测量比对试验并对试验结果进行了分析。为碳平衡法油耗检测技术应用于在汽车不解体油耗检测提供依据。     

汽车油耗监测技术的研究分析

本文简要介绍了汽车油耗智能监测系统的各组成部分及其作用,着重讨论了在汽车上安装三种不同的油耗监测设备。通过对实车耗油量与相应行驶里程的分析,以及安装难易度、成本等方面的研究,得出了三种不同油耗监测技术间的差异,对今后汽车油耗监测方式的选择具有一定的参考意义。     

略论汽车的油耗与管理

文章从汽车管理者的角度探讨如何实现节约车辆油耗。根据汽车的工作原理,分析造成汽车油耗增大的机械因素,从驾驶员不良驾驶习惯分析,由于驾驶员自身的因素造成汽车油耗增大,最后从燃油的正确使用分析造成汽车油耗增大的又一因素,针对造成汽车油耗增大的三个主要因素,从车辆的保养制度的建立与保养质量的监督,到专职驾驶员考核与奖罚制度,逐层分析如何制订有效的管理措施,落实管车、管人的管理手段,通过具体的考核与监督,最终实现车辆油耗有效节约的管理目标。     

底盘测功机采用查表法加载对燃料消耗量的影响

随着石油价格的不断攀升,汽车的油耗问题日益突出。轻型汽车的综合油耗是在实验室内底盘测功机上检验得到,因此底盘测功机的加载方法对油耗检验结果有着直接影响。文章对常用的底盘测功机加载方法—滑行法和查表法进行了理论分析,并通过试验加以验证。     

国外及我国轻型汽车燃料消耗法规介绍

介绍了我国目前紧张的能源供给情况,国外的汽车燃料经济性政策,重点介绍了我国轻型汽车燃料消耗量法规、限值。比较分析我国的轻型汽车油耗水平与国外差距,指出只有技术进步才是降低油耗的根本途径。     

冬季汽车发动机的温度与油耗

汽车燃料经济性是评价汽车六大重要性能的指标之一。文章概述了汽车在不同类型的道路条件、交通流量、载重质量、气候因素、驾驶技术、汽车技术状况等情况下所影响的油耗技术数据。着重阐述了汽车在冬季增加油耗的原因,及其正确操作方法。忠告驾驶员汽车中速行使节油、交通安全系数大、延长汽车使用寿命。     

郑州日产皮卡不耗油

近日,随着工信部"轻型汽车燃料消耗量通告"推出,市场上每款车的真实油耗就都变得公开透明.记者在对比皮卡车型的综合工况油耗发现:郑州日产D22 YD25及锐骐ZD25在工信部公布数据中,以综合工况油耗7.2L/100km和7.5L/100km,在中高档皮卡中分列第一、二位.     

Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.     

Eco-driving: An economic or ecologic driving style?

In this work the trade-off between economic, therefore fuel saving, and ecologic, pollutant emission reducing, driving is discussed. The term eco-driving is often used to refer to a vehicle operation that minimizes energy consumption. However, for eco-driving to be environmentally friendly not only fuel consumption but also pollutant emissions should be considered. In contrast to previous studies, this paper will discuss the advantages of eco-driving with respect to improvements in fuel consumption as well as pollutant gas emissions. Simulating a conventional passenger vehicle and applying numerical trajectory optimization methods best vehicle operation for a given trip is identified. With hardware-in-the-loop testing on an engine test bench the fuel and emissions are measured. An approach to integrate pollutant emission and dynamically choose the ecologically optimal gear is proposed.     

A parametric study of the energy demands of car transportation: a case study of two competing commuter routes in the UK

This paper presents a parametric study of the energy demands of car transportation on two competing inter-city commuter routes in the UK for all main categories of automotive vehicles. The commuter routes are between Bristol and Bath: one is fast and flat, the other is relatively hilly and with tighter speed restrictions. Energy demands were found to be closely related to the vehicle mass because almost all external forces on the car are either directly or indirectly influenced by the mass of the vehicle. Exposure to the wind was found to be an important parameter that can significantly affect fuel consumption. Reducing vehicle mass is an important way of improving the performance of the car. However, there are limits to what can be achieved in weight reduction because of safety requirements and the desire of car owners to have many luxury items in modern cars. The official European fuel consumption and emissions test is limited in the extent to which it measures parameters that affect fuel consumption. For example, the test does not measure the frontal area or drag coefficient of the car. The design of the route and traffic operation can have a very significant influence on the efficiency of car transportation and therefore it is necessary to consider route design in whole-life analysis.     

Real-time energy-efficient traffic control via convex optimization

This article proposes a macroscopic traffic control strategy to reduce fuel consumption of vehicles on highways. By implementing Greenshields fundamental diagram, the solution to Moskowitz equations is expressed as linear functions with respect to vehicle inflow and outflow, which leads to generation of a linear traffic flow model. In addition, we build a quadratic cost function in terms of vehicle volume to estimate fuel consumption rate based on COPERT model. A convex quadratic optimization problem is then formulated to generate energy-efficient traffic control decisions in real-time. Simulation results demonstrate significant reduction of fuel consumption on testing highway sections under peak traffic demands of busy hours.     

Assessing additional fuel consumption from cabin thermal comfort and auxiliary needs on the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle

Standards for fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are implemented worldwide in most light-duty vehicle markets. Regulatory drive cycles, defined as specific time-speed patterns, are used to measure levels of fuel consumption and emissions. These measurements should realistically reflect real world driving performance, however there is increasing concern about their adequacy due to the discrepancies observed between certified and real world consumption and emissions values. One of the main reasons for the discrepancy is that current testing protocols do not account for non-mechanical vehicle energy needs, such as passengers’ thermal comfort needs and the use of electric auxiliaries on-board. Cabin heating and cooling can especially lead to considerable increase in vehicle energy consumption. This paper presents a simulation-based assessment framework to account for the additional fuel consumption related to the cabin thermal energy and auxiliary needs under the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP). A vehicle cabin model is developed and the thermal comfort energy needs are derived for cooling and heating, depending on ambient external temperature under cold, moderate and warm climates. A modification to the WLTP is proposed by including the generated power profiles for thermal comfort and auxiliary needs. Dynamic programming is used to compute the fuel consumption on the modified WLTP for a rechargeable series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) architecture. Results show consumption increases of 20% to 96% compared to the currently adopted WLTP, depending on the considered climate.     

Fuel consumption model for bus rapid transit

Transportation planners and policy analysts require, for scenario testing, a detailed fuel consumption model of public transit operating in multimodal corridors. Although much effort has been devoted to the development of detailed methodology for estimating fuel consumption of automobile travel on freeways and arterials, the same is not the case for public transit. This paper presents methodology for the estimation of fuel consumption for bus operation on transitways/busways serving major travel corridors. Bus fuel consumption model is reported for standard and articulated buses. This model was adapted from an existing heavy vehicle fuel use model by incorporating the transitway design and bus operational characteristics.     

Vehicle energy efficiency evaluation from well-to-wheel lifecycle perspective

Given a fundamental role of automobiles in human society, evaluation of vehicle energy efficiency is of utmost importance. Various reports have been published hitherto concerning well-to-wheel (WTW) fuel consumption at the vehicle operation phase. On the other hand, WTW energy consumption at other lifecycle phases has been scarcely integrated in the assessment of vehicle energy efficiency. Particularly, WTW energy consumption for material structure is significantly associated with fuel economy. As such, this paper firstly analyzes the lifecycle WTW vehicle energy efficiency from the perspective of both material structures at the manufacture phase and fuel consumption at the operation phase for conventional vehicle (CV), electric vehicle (EV), hybrid vehicle (HV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV). Then, an expected transition of vehicle weight and energy consumption arising from material structural shift through the replacement of steel with aluminum is evaluated. Finally, the overall vehicle energy efficiency in Japan in 2020–2050 is projected. It is discovered that the inclusion of energy consumption for material structure has a significant impact on the determination of the vehicle energy efficiency, particularly for new generation vehicles. WTW analysis at the multiple lifecycle phases may be of use in establishing more comprehensive principles of vehicle energy efficiency.     

Hardware-in-the-loop testbed for evaluating connected vehicle applications

Connected vehicle environment provides the groundwork of future road transportation. Researches in this area are gaining a lot of attention to improve not only traffic mobility and safety, but also vehicles’ fuel consumption and emissions. Energy optimization methods that combine traffic information are proposed, but actual testing in the field proves to be rather challenging largely due to safety and technical issues. In light of this, a Hardware-in-the-Loop-System (HiLS) testbed to evaluate the performance of connected vehicle applications is proposed. A laboratory powertrain research platform, which consists of a real engine, an engine-loading device (hydrostatic dynamometer) and a virtual powertrain model to represent a vehicle, is connected remotely to a microscopic traffic simulator (VISSIM). Vehicle dynamics and road conditions of a target vehicle in the VISSIM simulation are transmitted to the powertrain research platform through the internet, where the power demand can then be calculated. The engine then operates through an engine optimization procedure to minimize fuel consumption, while the dynamometer tracks the desired engine load based on the target vehicle information. Test results show fast data transfer at every 200 ms and good tracking of the optimized engine operating points and the desired vehicle speed. Actual fuel and emissions measurements, which otherwise could not be calculated precisely by fuel and emission maps in simulations, are achieved by the testbed. In addition, VISSIM simulation can be implemented remotely while connected to the powertrain research platform through the internet, allowing easy access to the laboratory setup.     

Use of a novel dataset to explore spatial and social variations in car type,size, usage and emissions

The ’MOT’ vehicle inspection test record dataset recently released by the UK Department for Transport (DfT) provides the ability to estimate annual mileage figures for every individual light duty vehicle greater than 3 years old within Great Britain. Vehicle age, engine size and fuel type are also provided in the dataset and these allow further estimates to be made of fuel consumption, energy use, and per vehicle emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The use of this data permits the adoption of a new vehicle-centred approach to assessing emissions and energy use in comparison to previous road-flow and national fuel consumption based approaches. The dataset also allows a spatial attribution of each vehicle to a postcode area, through the reported location of relevant vehicle testing stations. Consequently, this new vehicle data can be linked with socio-demographic data in order to determine the potential characteristics of vehicle owners.This paper provides a broad overview of the types of analyses that are made possible by these data, with a particular focus on distance driven and pollutant emissions. The intention is to demonstrate the very broad potential for this data, and to highlight where more focused analysis could be useful. The findings from the work have important implications for understanding the distributional impacts of transport related policies and targeting messaging and interventions for the reduction of car use.     

一种电控增能节油器整车道路性能对比试验

本文选用一种新型电控增能节油器安装在同一样车上,依据《汽车节油技术评定方法》(GB/T 14951-2007),分别对安装和未安装该节油器样车进行了动力性、经济型和排放性相关试验,对试验数据进行了计算验证和比对分析。