充气轮胎的滚动阻力与汽车燃料消耗的关系

本文分析了轮胎滚动阻力产生的原因,详尽地探讨了轮胎结构、材料及其使用条件对滚动阻力的影响,指出了降低轮胎滚动阻力的途径。     

轮胎滚动助力测量与分析

基于汽车轮胎滚动阻力测量国际标准（ＩＳＯ／ＤＩＳ ８７６７），设计了轮胎滚动阻力测量的试验方法，测定了轮胎在不同载荷和不同胎压下的滚动阻力。通过对原始试验数据处理，计算出轮胎的滚动阻力系数，并分析了载荷和胎压对滚动阻力系数的影响，还初步探讨了试验数据拟合的结果。     

双滚筒上轮胎滚动阻力预估道路滚阻方法研究

论文首先分析了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力影响因素的内在联系，然后建立了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力关联性模型，揭示了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力之间的差异，解决了通过台试试验求解道路滚动阻力的问题。     

降低阻力 节能减排

轮胎滚动阻力 轮胎滚动阻力主要是由于车轮滚动时轮胎与路面的变形而产生的。弹性车轮沿硬路面滚动时,路面变形小、轮胎变形大;车轮沿软路滚动时,路面变形大、轮胎变形小。车轮滚动时产生的变形要消耗发动机的动力,从而形成滚动阻力,其数值与汽车的总重,轮胎的结构和气压,以及路面性质有关。     

轮胎滚动速度效应对轮胎侧偏动特性的影响

在利用试验模态参数建立轮胎侧偏非稳态模型基础上，本文重点分析了轮胎滚动速度效应对侧偏动特性的影响。解析模型计算结构的变化趋势和文献的试验研究结果一致。表明计入轮胎滚动所带来的速度对侧偏动特性的影响是不可忽略的，它会对不同速度下行驶汽车的操稳性及横向振动产生影响。滚动速度效应对轮胎侧偏特性影响的成功建械表明了利用模态参数对轮胎建模的优越性。     

汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验机测试方法分析

为了对汽车轮胎滚动阻力测试方案的可行性进行预先评估,基于检测设备的结构模型,提出了一种运用位移量对轮胎滚动阻力进行仿真分析的新方法。在简述滚动阻力有限元测试模型构建过程的基础上,通过改变轮胎的外部使用参数,分析传感器板在不同工况下位移场的分布情况,制定了设备的测试方案。以传感器的安装位置作为目标检测点,建立轮胎滚动阻力位移场与控制参数之间的关系曲线。最后将采集的数据经过平均滤波处理,与实验室的实测数据进行了趋势性对比。结果表明：采用该测试方法,轮胎滚动阻力随着轮胎负载和速度的增加而增大,随着气压的变大而减小;仿真结果和试验数据在相同工况下的变化趋势基本一致;该测试方法合理、可行。     

轮胎动刚度和阻尼特性的研究

本文通过轮胎动态实验，采用多元逐步回归技术对实验结果进行了分析，给出了轮胎弹性力与轮胎变形，激振频率之间，以及轮胎阻尼力与轮胎变形速率，激振频之间的关系，分析了充气压力，振幅及滚动速度对轮胎刚度和阻尼特性的影响。     

台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力关联性研究

分析了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力影响因素的内在联系；建立了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力关联性模型；揭示了台试与路试轮胎滚动阻力之间的差异；解决了通过台试试验求解道路滚动阻力问题。     

高速滚动汽车轮胎温度场的非稳态热分析

以试验数据为基础，分析了高速滚动轮胎温度场的非稳态热状况，应用最小二乘法对试验数据进行了拟合分析，建立了轮胎温升－时间历程关系式，并与理论计算公式作了对比，结果表明试验数据可靠；同时，分析了使用条件（速度、载荷、胎压及环境温度）对轮胎温升时间和大小的影响，结果表明，使用条件只影响轮胎温升大小，而不影响轮胎温升时间。用此方法建立了轮胎降温－时间历程关系式，分析了轮胎散热情况，分析表明温降时间也与使用条件无关。拟合关系式可用于初步预测轮胎温升及指导轮胎设计。     

载重子午轮胎与路面相互作用的分析

根据全钢载重子午线轮胎12.00R20的实际结构,考虑轮胎的几何非线性、材料非线性、接触非线性以及大变形等力学特性,应用有限元的方法建立轮胎的三维模型,橡胶材料采用Yeoh模型,橡胶-帘线复合材料采用加强筋模型,并通过轮胎径向刚度的测试验证了模型的有效性.在数值模拟中分析了轮胎在一定充气压力时,在不同垂直载荷和牵引速度的作用下,与地面在接触区域的变形情况、应力分布、摩擦应力分布等滚动接触规律.结果表明,轮胎与地面接触应力分布存在明显的非均匀性,轮胎的接地面积和地面总反力随着滚动速度的升高而增大.     

Numerical method for simulating tire rolling noise by the concept of periodically exciting contact force

For the numerical simulation of tire rolling noise, an important subject is the extraction of normal velocity data of the tire surface that are essential for the acoustic analysis. In the current study, a concept of periodically exciting contact force is introduced to effectively extract the tire normal velocity data. The ground contact pressure within contact patch that is obtained by the static tire contact analysis is periodically applied to the whole tread surface of stationary tire. The periodically exciting contact forces are sequentially applied with a time delay corresponding to the tire rolling speed. The tire vibration is analyzed by the mode superposition in the frequency domain, and the acoustic analysis is performed by commercial BEM code. The proposed method is illustrated through the numerical experiment of 3-D smooth tire model and verified from the comparison with experiment, and furthermore the acoustical responses are investigated to the tire rolling speed.     

汽车轮胎气压电子实时监测系统

轮胎气压不足,将增大轮胎的弯曲变形,加快轮胎的磨损,增大车轮的滚动摩擦阻力,从而导致油耗显著增加,特别是当汽车高速行驶时,更会削弱轮胎的承载能力,导致轮胎破裂漏气。以北美市场及德国BERU公司的产品为例,介绍了轮胎压力电子实时监测系统的技术和市场方面的最新发展趋势。     

Mesh generation and hysteretic loss prediction of 3-D periodic patterned tire

This paper is concerned with the numerical prediction of the hysteretic loss-induced rolling resistance of 3-D periodic patterned tire. Elastomeric rubber compounds of rolling tire exhibit the hysteretic loss owing to the phase difference between stress- and strain-time responses. By virtue of this physical characteristic, the rolling resistance is considered as a pseudo-force resisting the tire rolling. The 3-D periodic patterned tire model is constructed by copying an 1-sector mesh in the circumferential direction, and strain cycles of each strain component are approximated by 3-D static tire contact analysis. According to the principal value of half strain amplitudes, the hysteretic loss is calculated in terms of the amplitude of the maximum principal strain and the loss modulus of rubber compound. The numerical results of 3-D periodic patterned tire are justified with the experimental data and compared with those of 3-D smooth tire.     

基于车轮扭矩传感器的轮胎滚动阻力测试系统开发

应用车轮扭矩传感器开发了轮胎滚动阻力测试系统。介绍了在双滚筒上测试轮胎滚动阻力和阻力系数的原理、轮胎滚动阻力测试系统的构成及测试系统软件的开发。在赛欧SLX-AT轿车的驱动轮上对该系统进行了实车试验,结果表明,该测试系统可克服滚动阻力滑行测试法和反拖测试法的不足,提高轮胎滚动阻力的检测精度,为研究轮胎滚动阻力特性提供了新手段。     

In-plane Dynamics of Tires on the Road Based on an Experimentally Verified Rolling Ring Model

The dynamic behavior of tires rolling on the road is predicted based on a ring model that is experimentally verified to well represent a real tire. The road contact is kinematically represented by two displacement constraints, one in radial and one in tangential direction. The displacement constraints are enforced via the receptance theory. The receptance matrix developed for the rolling tire is found to be Hermitian. Numerical results show that the natural (or eigen-) frequencies of the rolling tire with road contact are, as expected, higher than those of the tire with no contact. The influence of the rotating speed to the eigen-frquencies of the tire is also shown. Analytic expressions for the mode shapes of a rolling tire with ground contact are derived.     

In-plane Dynamics of Tires on the Road Based on an Experimentally Verified Rolling Ring Model

SUMMARY

The dynamic behavior of tires rolling on the road is predicted based on a ring model that is experimentally verified to well represent a real tire. The road contact is kinematically represented by two displacement constraints, one in radial and one in tangential direction. The displacement constraints are enforced via the receptance theory. The receptance matrix developed for the rolling tire is found to be Hermitian. Numerical results show that the natural (or eigen-) frequencies of the rolling tire with road contact are, as expected, higher than those of the tire with no contact. The influence of the rotating speed to the eigen-frquencies of the tire is also shown. Analytic expressions for the mode shapes of a rolling tire with ground contact are derived.     

高速滚动汽车轮胎稳态温度场分布的数值研究

建立了滚动轮胎热平衡状态下的简化传热数学模型。应用自行开发的传热和热弹性力学分析有限元软件对中型载货车用9．OO一20(12P．R)尼龙斜交胎进行了稳态温度场仿真计算，获得了胎体内部的稳态温度场分布。分析了轮眙的速度、几何结构参数及材料特性参数对轮胎最高温升的影响，通过回归分析建立了该轮胎速度与最高温升的经验计算公式。     

Non-natural equilibrium contour design for radial tire and its influence on tire performance

Two types of radial tire 11.00R20 and 385/65R22.5 are chosen as the research objects, and their carcass contours are redesigned by using Sakai Hideo’s, Frank’s and the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theories, which were based on analyzing the current non-equilibrium contour design theories of radial tire. Then the tire wear, rolling resistance and grip performance of the two radial tires designed by different non-natural equilibrium contour design theories are comprehensively analyzed with the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that Frank’s contour design theory can reduce tire wear; the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theory can enhance tire wear, rolling resistance performance, etc. It is also found that the tire carcass contour has great influence on tire performance, especially on the tire rolling resistance. The new non-natural equilibrium contour theory provides a guidance to reduce the tire rolling resistance, and it can break through the target conflicts in tire performance. The tire with the new non-natural equilibrium carcass contour can enhance its comprehensive performance.     

轮胎动态模型的阻尼和对滚动阻力及动态响应影响的分析

在综合了一些文献研究结果的基础上,基于轮胎模态参数模型,给出了不同阻尼环节对滚动阻力及轮胎以不同速度滚越障碍物的动态响应的模拟结果,并部分地与试验结果进行对比,说明具有结构阻尼环节的轮胎模型,对于两者的模拟均给出了更好的定量结果。