正向规则波作用下悬浮隧道时域全局动力分析

应用Morison方程和有限元法，将悬浮隧道管体假定为与岸坡固定的Euler-Bernoulli梁结构，通过将锚索与悬浮隧道管体、海底平面铰接，实现了锚索、悬浮隧道管体以及岸坡三者之间的动力学耦合，将线性波浪理论应用于Morison方程计算波浪荷载，在时域内采用Newmark-β隐式时间积分法迭代求解悬浮隧道的运动控制方程，进而构建了水下悬浮隧道的三维动力学耦合数值模型。研究结果表明：在长周期波主导的海域，适当增大水平方向的系泊刚度，将有利于控制悬浮隧道整体的位移幅值；隧道近岸处的锚索由于边界条件的影响，在波浪条件下将承受更大的张力，工程中应适当增加或加粗近岸端部锚索，排除安全隐患；悬浮隧道的锚索布置间距宜固定在250～300 m的范围内。     

不同锚泊方式悬浮隧道在随机波作用下的动力响应试验

为研究不同锚泊方式悬浮隧道在随机波作用下的动力响应，设计对应的节段模型试验，分析考虑随机波作用的3种锚泊方式悬浮隧道的动力特性。根据相似准则，考虑波流水槽的尺寸，设计几何比尺为1∶150的物理模型试验。将数值模拟结果与试验结果相对比，验证试验结果的准确性和可靠性。开展不同工况下的模型试验，分析随机波作用下3种典型锚泊方式悬浮隧道管体结构的横荡、垂荡和横摇运动响应，以及锚索的受力情况。研究结果表明：锚泊方式1的抑振能力最差，锚索缆力最大，安全性最差；锚泊方式2在垂荡方向上具有较好的抑振能力，锚索缆力比锚泊方式1小；锚泊方式3在横荡、纵荡、横摇运动响应和锚索缆力方面的表现均较佳，安全性更好。该研究可供悬浮隧道工程及其他类似工程的锚泊设计提供参考。     

波流作用下悬浮隧道局部锚索的破断动力响应

为研究波流作用下悬浮隧道局部锚索的破断动力响应,运用ANSYS/AQWA软件建立悬浮隧道及其锚泊系统的有限元模型.通过单元生死功能和时控法模拟锚索破断行为,对比分析不同波流条件对悬浮隧道局部锚索破断动力响应的影响.研究结果表明:锚索破断之后,会对剩余锚索产生冲击效应,缆力瞬态增量随着与破断位置距离的增加而逐步递减;规则波、均匀流和锚索破断作用引起的悬浮隧道动力响应具有不同的特征,规则波主要引起结构产生周期运动,均匀流主要引起结构产生大幅偏移和低频运动,锚索破断主要引起结构产生冲击效应和高频振动;锚索破断之后,剩余结构的阻尼增大、刚度降低,导致锚索破断前后的结构运动行为出现明显的不同.     

张力腿平台二阶波浪力作用下运动响应分析

以延伸式张力腿平台为例,采用时域耦合分析法研究二阶波浪力对船体以及张力腿、立管的影响.在频域下计算船体结构一阶与二阶波浪力的传递函数,进而在Deepc中模拟海域的波流条件,考虑低频和高频波浪的影响,得到张力腿平台的动力响应和张力腿、立管的动张力值,并与线性的计算结果进行比较,认为在确定张力腿平台锚链的极限承载力和疲劳寿命时,应考虑高频二阶波浪力的影响.     

悬浮隧道水动力问题研究概述

悬浮隧道作为一种新型的跨水域交通方式近年来引起各国学者广泛的关注,文章在介绍悬浮隧道研究背景与各国发展状况的基础上,首先梳理了悬浮隧道断面形式与管体连接方式的相关研究,分析了不同断面形式的优缺点,概述了管段之间连接、支撑悬浮系统连接以及隧道两端连接的相关成果。文章重点围绕悬浮隧道水动力问题,系统梳理了针对悬浮隧道水动力荷载、不同荷载作用下的运动响应及锚索系统的涡激振动及其抑制问题的研究,最后通过总结前人的研究成果,提出了悬浮隧道水动力研究方面需要进一步关注的问题。     

980钢焊接节点疲劳试验

疲劳寿命与材料、节点形式、焊接工艺，以及应力应变水平有关。当交变应力水平超过材料的屈服极限时，疲劳试验载荷作用的频率对疲劳寿命将会影响很大。采用应变控制方式进行疲劳试验，可以降低载荷频率对疲劳寿命的影响。本文根据应力水平大小，分别在应力和应变两种不同的控制方式下完成了980钢板对接焊节点、T型焊接节点和大角度对接焊节点的疲劳试验工作，得到了980钢在一定焊接工艺条件下的应力-寿命和应变-寿命结果。为980钢焊接结构的疲劳强度设计提供了依据。     

悬浮隧道管体运动对锚索涡激振动的影响

根据锚索式悬浮隧道的运动特性,将锚索假设为两端铰接的非线性梁模型,在海流作用下,锚索会产生顺流向与横流向的涡激振动。当海流方向和管体轴向存在夹角时,管体运动可简化为作用在锚索上部端点的质点运动,并将质点运动沿锚索坐标系方向逐一分解。根据Hamilton原理建立锚索三向振动方程,并通过Galerkin方法和Runge-Kutta方法对该方程进行求解,选取典型悬浮隧道的结构进行数值分析。结果表明：当锚索上部端点的输入频率与锚索固有频率的比值为整数时,锚索会发生共振现象;如上部端点除锚索轴向方向外的某一方向质点运动与锚索振动方向一致,则锚索在该方向上的振动会出现显著变化,而对另一方向振动的影响较小;在多数情况下,锚索振动平衡位置的偏离与上部端点所输入的运动频率有紧密联系,但与幅值联系不大。     

不同应力路径下宁波粘土K_0固结三轴试验研究

利用GDS多功能三轴仪对宁波地区原状粘土进行了不同应力路径作用下K0固结三轴压缩试验,探讨了增P、等P和减P3种应力路径条件下宁波粘土的应力-应变、孔隙水压力和强度特性,并结合试验结果分析了粘土的总应力路径和有效应力路径特性。结果表明,总应力路径和有效应力路径的变化趋势基本一致,不同应力路径下q-ε1非线性关系明显,土体呈现弱软化型;不同应力路径下土的峰值强度和土中孔隙水压力差异明显;应力路径对粘聚力影响较大,对内摩擦角影响不大,有效强度指标则呈相反趋势。     

张力腿平台总强度分析关键技术研究

张力腿平台总强度分析是确定在危险工况及环境载荷下平台的结构性能,对平台服役期寿命、安全运行至关重要。文中针对张力腿平台独有的特点,深入研究了张力腿平台总强度计算载荷及工况、张力筋腱的模拟和腐蚀余量,以及安全系数的选取等关键技术;采用有限元法对某深水张力腿平台波浪载荷与总强度进行计算,根据应力结果确立了该类平台总强度主控工况、载荷传递路径与关键结构,同时结合该类平台特点分析设计波的确定以及考虑张力筋腱刚度影响的边界条件设置方法。     

预应力锚索加固洞室抗爆性能试验

研究预应力锚索锚固洞室在爆炸波作用下的动力反应特征对认识预应力锚索加固机理和完善洞室加固设计有着重要的意义。通过室内模型试验和数值模拟,研究了在集中装药爆炸波作用下直墙圆拱式洞室围岩介质内应力波宏观变化特征和峰值应力衰减规律,从而得出抗爆锚固洞室周边围岩的受力变形状态和动力反应特征,分析了预应力全长粘结式锚索的索端张力变化特征和锚固段轴应变变化波形,结果表明抗爆洞室围岩抵抗变形能力得到一定地提高。采用显式动力分析程序得出的计算结果与试验数据的吻合性较好,进一步证实了模型参数和建模的有效性和正确性。     

水中悬浮隧道受撞击作用的数值分析

针对水中悬浮隧道在偶然状况下受到的潜艇撞击问题,文章采用流固耦合方法,建立了撞击作用下浮筒式悬浮隧道的有限元动态模型,分别撞击跨中、隧道四分之一跨、浮筒,分析隧道变形、撞击力、连接钢管拉杆力、隧道端部约束力、隧道动能情况。结果表明:撞击作用下,隧道整体变形明显,结构内力大。不同撞击位置处,悬浮隧道在水下的结构变形和受力行为区别明显。对此,有必要考虑撞击位置进行悬浮隧道的抗撞击设计。     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

两类锚泊系统在漂浮式双体浮动式波能转换装置垂荡运动状态下的性能（英文）

This work investigated the influence of two types of mooring systems on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-body floating wave energy converter(WEC). It also investigated the effects of the physical parameters of the mooring system on the amount of extractable power from incident waves in the frequency domain. The modeled converter comprised a floating body(a buoy), a submerged body with two mooring systems, and a coupling system for two bodies. The coupling system was a simplified power take-off system that was modeled by a linear spring-damper model. The tension leg mooring system could drastically affect the heave motion of the submerged body of the model and increase relative displacement between the two bodies. The effects of the stiffness parameter of the mooring system on power absorption exceeded those of the pretension tendon force.     

Nonlinear wave forces on large-scale submerged tunnel element

This paper presents parametric studies of nonlinear wave forces on large-scale submerged tunnel element. A transportation project of submerged tunnel element under irregular wave conditions is taken as the research background. Three-dimensional diffraction potential and radiation potential associating with the motion of the floating body are utilized, and an efficient three dimensional Green function is implemented to solve the radiation-diffraction problem. A computational method for calculating the nonlinear wave forces of the submerged tunnel element is developed. The present method is validated by the existed methods and experimental data, and good agreements are observed for all test models. The effects of wave parameters and structural parameters on the second-order nonlinear wave forces are studied. Results from the present study can provide valuable recommendations for the weather window and downtime frequencies, the configuration of tugboats, the arrangement of sea-route, and the size and type of the design and construction of the submerged tunnel element.     

Three-dimensional equivalent static analysis for design of submerged floating tunnel

Stress evaluation of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an issue important for determining the section dimensions required to resist environmental loads. However, the complex interaction between an SFT and surrounding fluid has confined most research on SFTs to longitudinal global time-history analyses based on Morison's equation [1]. Even though these analyses give sufficient information in the longitudinal direction, too little information about the circumferential direction compels an SFT section to be designed conservatively. This means that SFT design requires additional information on the structural behavior of the tunnel in the circumferential direction for efficient design. Accordingly, a supplementary approach by which to obtain structural responses in the circumferential direction is introduced in this paper. Upon consideration of the static responses equivalent to the dynamic behavior, three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element analyses of an SFT were performed by application of static loads corresponding to dynamic loads equivalent to those of wave, current and earthquake. The validation of each equivalent static load was supported by the results from comparison of the tension forces in mooring lines obtained using OrcaFlex [2] and ABAQUS [3]. These were used mainly for longitudinal dynamic analysis and 3-D stress evaluation, respectively, of an SFT. Based on the stresses obtained in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, the selection of suitable section dimensions for an SFT is considered.     

柴油机连杆工作过程中啮合齿形静力学试验研究

以海上采油平台某发电用进口柴油机连杆为研究对象,以该柴油机实际运转工况下的P-V图为基础,计算该柴油机实际运转工况下一个工作循环内气体作用在活塞上的作用力;采用ADAMS软件,建立的发动机多体动力学模型,通过输入的气体压力曲线和负载转矩,仿真得到连杆实际工况下交变载荷：用电测法对连杆所受最大轴向载荷和横向载荷做了静力拉压加载实验,测得连杆的应力应变;本文试验结果为后期连杆的有限元分析结果的准确性提供对比依据。     

Efficient time-domain approach for hydroelastic-structural analysis including hydrodynamic pressure distribution on a moored SFT

This study investigates the hydroelastic analysis of a moored SFT (submerged floating tunnel) and the corresponding hydrodynamic pressure distribution under wave excitations. Time-domain discrete-module-beam (DMB) method, in which an elastic structure is modeled by multiple sub-bodies with beam elements, is employed to express the deformable tunnel with multiple mooring lines. Moreover, the top-down scheme is also adopted for detailed structure analyses with less computational cost, which applies the calculated hydrodynamic pressure distribution over SFT's surface to the three-dimensional finite element model. The hydrodynamic pressure includes both wave-induced diffraction pressure and motion-induced radiation pressure. For the validation of the developed numerical approach, comparisons are made with computationally intensive hydroelastic-structural direct-coupled method, two-dimensional wave flume experiment, and independently developed inhouse moored-SFT-simulation program. Furthermore, the influences of flexural motions with buoyancy-weight ratio (BWR) (or bending stiffness) and regular/irregular wave conditions on the dynamic pressure distribution and the resulting local stresses are investigated.     

海流作用下悬浮隧道缆索的运动响应

考虑参数激励频率,利用涡激振动方程,应用伽辽金和龙格库塔数值积分法,计算出不同流速下参数激励对缆索1阶振动的影响;进一步计算隧道—缆索耦合作用下缆索的振动响应。计算结果表明参数激励为缆索固有频率2倍时,缆索响应最大;隧道对缆索振动有明显的抑制作用。     

On the slack phenomena and snap force in tethers of submerged floating tunnels under wave conditions

Under severe sea wave conditions, the mooring tethers of submerged floating tunnel (SFT) might go slack. It may cause the structure failure during the service lifetime of SFT. The paper investigated SFT dynamics when going through tether slacking and the related snap force under wave conditions. Besides the nonlinearity of fluid drag and of structural geometry for a relative large structure displacement, the problem is characterized by the nonlinearity due to the discontinuity in axial stiffness of the tethers. To include these nonlinearities, the method of Lagrange energy is used to build the governing equations of SFT motion, and a bilinear oscillator is introduced to simulate the mooring tether operating in an alternating slack-taut state. The sensitivities of the occurrence of tether slacking to wave height and wave period are investigated. Results show that at a large wave height SFT tether will go slack and snap force occurs. SFT responses are categorized into three types of state according to the dynamic response characteristics of tether tension. Effects of two fundamental structure parameters, buoyancy-weight ratio (BWR) and inclined mooring angle (IMA), on the dynamic responses of SFT are analyzed. A slack-taut map of SFT tethers is built. It intuitively describes the occurrences of slack and snap force with different combinations of the two parameters. An analytical approach for slack prediction by deriving the slack criterion is provided to reveal the mechanism of the presented slack-taut map. By present research, the authors tried to make their effort to provide an alternative philosophy for SFT structural design on concerning preventing the occurrence of tether slacking and snap force.     

基于Orcaflex的张力腿网箱水动力分析

基于凝集质量法和等效网目法对网衣进行等效处理,利用大型水动力分析软件Orcaflex建立张力腿网箱模型,求解分析在波浪作用,海流作用以及波、流联合作用三种外载荷情况下张力腿网箱浮于水面以及下沉两种工况的网箱系泊缆有效张力变化情况。分析结果可作为张力腿网箱安全建设的理论依据并对张力腿网箱模型在海洋工程中的应用具有一定参考价值。