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动力设备是集输系统的主要能耗设备 ,其运行效率对集输系统综合效率有至关重要的影响。通过对胜利采油厂所属的动力设备的运行状况的调研分析 ,指出了影响集输系统动力设备运行效率的主要因素 ,探讨了解决方案 ,为实现集输系统的节能提供了依据 相似文献
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掺水混输不加热集油工艺正不断发展完善,集输管停掺水温降过程是指导该技术实施的重要依据,掌握其降温规律对确定安全停掺水时间、再掺水启动方案和停掺水检修安排都有着十分重要的意义。基于计算流体动力学理论,利用FLUENT对油井地面集输管道停掺水后的温降过程进行数值模拟,得出不同含水率与不同初始油温下管内油品的温降曲线。根据管轴中心温降曲线可将整个降温过程分为3个阶段,第一阶段温降速度最快,其余两阶段较慢,第一阶段自然对流作用占主导地位,第二阶段管壁油品开始凝结,自然对流逐渐消失,第三阶段传热方式仅剩导热,且作用较弱,整个管内油品的凝结时间长短与停掺水初始油温及管内液体的含水率有关。通过模拟计算可得详细的温降过程,为实际停掺水不加热集油工艺设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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腐蚀速率的精确预测对于油气集输管道的安全运行具有重要意义。鉴于神经网络算法陷入局部最小值、收敛速度慢和引起振荡效应等问题,同时考虑自适应遗传算法在广泛的空间搜索和向最优解的方向尽快收敛于最优目标的特点,构建了优化的混合算法神经网络模型。利用该模型对多种因素影响下的油气集输管道的腐蚀速度进行了预测研究。实际应用表明:该模型大大提高了网络的学习效率和预测评判的精度,可以作为油气集输管道腐蚀速率预测的良好工具。 相似文献
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稠油掺稀集输系统工艺优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔二联所辖稠油油井多采用掺稀降黏的集输方式,稠油集输的效率成了影响油田高效经济开发的主要问题.文中围绕"节能降耗"的研究目标,针对塔二联稠油掺稀集输流程,以系统能耗最小为目标函数,以井口掺稀油量和所掺稀油的温度作为决策变量组合,建立了稠油掺稀集输系统生产运行参数优化数学模型.并用VB语言编制稠油掺稀集输系统生产运行优化... 相似文献
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基于有限容积法,建立伴热稠油管道停输过程的非稳态传热模型,采用"焓-多孔度"技术,利用FLUENT软件,分别对伴热管与稠油管同时停输及稠油管道单独停输两种情况进行了数值模拟,并考虑了析蜡潜热对温降的影响,得出了不同时刻管内原油凝固区、混合区、液油区的位置及温度场的分布。结果表明:两种情况下,稠油固化过程基本相同。稠油管道单独停输时,管内原油温降速率比双管同停温降速率略慢,但在一定时间内相差不大。随着停输时间的延长,两种情况下管内稠油温降速率变化明显,说明伴热管对稠油管道短期停输影响不大。文中给出安全停输时间,为工程设计提供一定指导。 相似文献
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Caspar G. Chorus 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(7):1003-1012
This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. 相似文献
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开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。 相似文献
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通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。 相似文献
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Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands. 相似文献
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隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议. 相似文献