热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法测定舰船用环氧面漆释放气体

舰船舱室中使用大量非金属材料,一些非金属材料在使用过程中不断地释放有害气体,从而使舰船舱室空气受到污染。本文建立了热脱附—气相色谱/质谱法测定舰船用某型环氧面漆脱气产物的方法。将环氧面漆刷于铝板上并晾干1个月后,置于不锈钢密闭容器中进行密封,在30℃温度下持续30d。对密闭容器中释放的有害气体以填装Tenax吸附剂的采样管进行吸附,以热脱附系统对浓缩采样管进行脱附,气相色谱/质谱仪进行分析。脱气组分中定性检测到烃类、醛类、酮类等。     

艇用非金属材料释放气体检测

潜艇舱室密闭环境内使用了多种非金属材料，这些材料具有各自的功能。由于蒸发，扩散和氧化又释放出有害气体组分，危害艇员健康和潜艇的安全运行。本文论述了非金属材料释放气体的特性及试验方法，利用自动热脱附／色谱／质谱联用技术对艇用非金属材料释放气体进行了检测，为非金属材料上艇使用提供依据。     

艇用非金属材料释放气体的色/质谱分析

采用ＡＴＤ５０自动热脱附系统处理样品，色谱／质谱联用分析技术，对２１种艇用非金属材料释放气体进行了实验，检测出释放有害气体组份共计７３种，为艇用非金属材料的选用提供依据。     

关于油轮存在的有害气体及便携式气体检测仪

油轮舱室、甲板时刻存在一些有害气体，这些气体中有些气体直接影响船舶安全运行，有些气体危害人身健康。根据有关资料，结合管理油轮经验，对油 主要的几种有害气体及为检测这些气体而使用的便携式气体检测仪器加以描述，并提出对油轮合理配备气体检测仪器的建议，以期对油轮管理者有所帮助。     

船舶舱室火灾通道烟气特性研究

有毒有害烟气是船舶火灾发生后最大的危害,对其控制和管理显得尤为重要,但目前相关的研究和应用较少,特别是火灾发生后如何消除烟雾和有害气体的研究更为缺乏。文章通过模拟舱室火灾试验,研究通道烟气的蔓延规律和温度分布情况,获得燃料的热释放速率曲线和质量燃烧速率曲线。通过通道布置的探测点得到了舱室火灾通道烟气运动规律及温度分布情况,为船舶消防损管系统设计中排烟风机的选用、布置、人员逃生和相关消防战术的制定提供参考。     

船舶双层底局部通风有害气体分布数值模拟研究

采用流体分析软件Fluent,对典型船舶密闭舱室双层底进行二氧化碳气体保护焊接作业时的局部通风风流流场、有害气体CO2及CO浓度场分布进行数值模拟分析,确定有害气体扩散的数学模型。通过设置组分源项的方法利用组分输运方程得出在一定通风量的情况下CO2及CO气体的浓度分布规律,并与实测数据作对比,结果基本一致,由此可根据不同通风条件下确定焊接作业危险区域,为防止CO2集聚和CO中毒采取有效措施提供理论依据。     

苯装载过程中挥发物对船舶环境和船员的影响

为研究海上危险化学品运输系统中"货物"因素对船舶"环境"和"人"因素影响的主要途径,以船舶装载散装液体苯为研究对象,选用不锈钢热脱附管针对重点区域和操作环节的挥发物取样,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析气体成分和浓度,运用美国环保总局(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)评估法研究数据结果。试验和研究结果表明:苯装载过程中有害挥发物主要包括苯、甲苯和二甲苯;环境污染严重的区域包括船岸接驳点、货舱道门附近和餐厅等;环境挥发物浓度与气象条件、船员操作规范程度等因素密切相关;非致癌风险和致癌风险与船员的工龄和岗位等相关。     

船舶双层底局部通风有害气体分布数值模拟研究

采用流体分析软件Fluent,对典型船舶密闭舱室双层底进行二氧化碳气体保护焊接作业时的局部通风风流流场、有害气体CO_2及CO浓度场分布进行数值模拟分析,确定有害气体扩散的数学模型。通过设置组分源项的方法利用组分输运方程得出在一定通风量的情况下CO_2及CO气体的浓度分布规律,并与实测数据作对比,结果基本一致,由此可根据不同通风条件下确定焊接作业危险区域,为防止CO_2集聚和CO中毒采取有效措施提供理论依据。     

密闭舱室挥发性有机化合物被动式采集与非靶向测试

本文建立了密闭舱室挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)被动式采集与非靶向测试方法。采用极性和非极性填料进行被动式采样,分析结果可互相对比且互为补充,采样方式简单、便携、稳定。运用目前先进的气相色谱-高分辨质谱(GC-HRMS)分析方法可高灵敏度、高分辨率鉴别采样中的VOCs组分,8个舱室采样位点共筛查出70种低浓度VOCs污染物。在得到的各类VOCs含量数据中,以多环芳烃(PAHs)这一类致癌性和致突变性污染物为例,根据含量热图分析获取多环芳烃在舱室中的分布规律,并推测其主要来源于机舱和设备舱中油料挥发以及厨房烹饪油烟。该方法的建立将更加高效、准确筛查舱室VOCs组分并进行污染源解析,有助于舱室大气环境质量提升和舰艇战斗力生成。     

船徭制冷设备引起的空气污染危害及防护

我国现代船舶已普遍装设冷藏和空调设备，在对船舶制冷装置运行管理和维护检修中，制冷剂泄漏和人为释放常使舱室空气遭受污染，新鲜蔬果冷藏舱中，产生的ＣＯ２气体也有害于人体健康，本文就这些气体对人们健康的影响都做了详细叙述，并介绍了有关这方面的劳动保护法规和提出了加强船员自身保护的具体做法。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.