二甲醚/甲醇混合燃料燃烧数值模拟研究

均质充量压缩着火燃烧(HCCI)技术的提出为内燃机的发展开辟了一种更为节能高效、绿色环保的新模式,着火性能差异较大的两种燃料掺混是实现均质混合压燃着火控制的有效方法。文章利用CHEMKIN化学反应动力学模拟软件对二甲醚(DME)/甲醇混合燃料均质混合压燃燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究,重点分析了燃料掺混比、过量空气系数、发动机转速以及进气温度对HCCI发动机燃烧特性的影响规律。     

二甲醚均质压燃燃烧的详细化学动力学模拟研究

采用由美国Lawrence Livermore国家实验室提出的二甲醚(DME)详细化学动力学反应机理及其开发的HCT化学动力学程序，对均质充量压缩着火(HCCI)发动机燃用DME的着火和燃烧过程进行了分析。为考虑壁面传热的影响，在HCT程序中增加了壁面传热子模型。采用该方法研究了燃空当量比、进气充量加热、发动机转速和EGR等因素对HCCI着火和燃烧的影响。结果表明，DME的HCCI燃烧过程有明显的低温反应放热和高温反应放热两阶段；增大燃空当量比、提高进气充量温度使着火提前；提高发动机转速和采用冷却EGR使着火滞后。     

均质充量压缩着火燃烧技术及其研究进展

均质充量压缩着火发动机由于其混合气是预混合好的，因此可以减少甚至达到无颗粒物排放；又由于是压缩着火而且没有节气门的节流损失，可导致高的热效率。分析了均质充量压缩着火的益处及技术难点，论述了其研究现状及在可变压缩比、可变配气相位及着火添加剂等几个方面的燃烧控制技术，并对其适用燃油也进行了研究。     

基于Chemkin的甲烷HCCI燃烧模拟研究

均质充量压缩点燃着火HCCI（Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition）作为内燃机新型燃烧方式。具有高效、低排放燃烧的巨大优势,为汽油机性能的提高提供了广阔前景。文中基于化学反应模拟软件Chemkin,利用九区模型模拟了甲烷的HCCI燃烧过程,分别讨论了进气压力、进气温度、压缩比和燃空当量比对甲烷HCCI燃烧的影响。     

基于负阀重叠EGR策略的HCNG发动机仿真

为降低HCNG发动机NOx排放,采用负阀重叠EGR策略,利用AVL-Fire软件对HCNG发动机不同进气门开启角(θIVO)下的进气过程和燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,对比分析了采用负阀重叠前后发动机缸内EGR分布和燃烧过程。仿真结果表明:负阀重叠EGR策略下,排气门关闭角(θEVC)固定为340°曲轴转角不变,当θIVO为380°曲轴转角时,既可避免发生回火又能保证一定的进气量及充气效率;采用负阀重叠后,在压缩冲程后期,缸内EGR率呈梯度分布(靠近火花塞位置EGR率较低),更有利于着火及火焰传播;采用负阀重叠可降低缸内最高燃烧压力及最高温度,但会减少进入气缸的新鲜工质,降低发动机功率;通过负阀重叠实现内部EGR可降低NOx排放,但会导致着火困难,燃烧速度变慢;提高点火能量可缩短着火落后期和燃烧持续期,加快燃烧速度。     

面向缸内直喷汽油机燃烧调控中若干基础问题研究综述

汽油机缸内直喷技术可比进气道喷射自然吸气均质混合气汽油机热效率提高20-25%。然而稀燃时火焰传播速率低,火核生成困难,因此采用分层混合气燃烧组织方式用于提高点火性能和燃烧速率,采用提高缸内充量运动强度和废气再循环在保证燃烧速率的同时降低NOx排放。因此对缸内直喷汽油机燃烧调控进行研究具有提高内燃机利用效率的意义。     

HCCI燃烧技术的挑战与前景(上)

未来欧VI之后,国内外专家普遍认为,汽车业将不再提升有毒物质排放标准,但将加严CO₂排放标准,亦即加严燃油消耗标准。均质充量压缩着火（HCCI:Homogeneous Charge Compression lgnition）燃烧技术——一种不用后处理就能完全解决汽车柴油机氮氧化物（NOx）和颗     

车用天然气发动机技术与性能研究

把天然气发动机分为均质混合气预混合燃烧型和非均质扩散燃烧型 ,详细分析了前者的燃烧特点与排放性能 ,指出了采用天然气高压缸内直喷技术的必要性。高压缸内直喷天然气发动机的燃烧过程以非均质扩散燃烧为主 ,因而热效率高 ,最大平均有效压力达到甚至超过同型柴油机 ,NOx 排放低而且无可见烟度排放     

柴油机HCCI压缩过程缸内工质状态的模拟研究

分析了均质充量压燃(HCCI)的一个技术难点,即燃烧始点的控制,指出其燃烧两阶段性对应着放热的两阶段性。建立了HCCI柴油机早期缸内燃油喷射的压缩模型,通过对R4102柴油机的模拟计算,获得了压缩过程缸内工质T-p变化历程;从低温放热和高温放热分析了进气温度T0、过量空气系数a以及压缩比cε等因素对HCCI燃烧始点的影响。     

准均质充气压缩点火燃烧的模拟和试验研究

利用单区模型，结合详细化学反应动力学机理，模拟了DMM燃烧时的缸内压力和NO浓度及几种基团的浓度变化曲线；并将上述计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明该模拟能准确预测着火时间，并能合理预测缸内压力峰值和NO浓度变化趋势。利用该模型能指导优化发动机参数，更有效地组织发动机的燃烧过程。     

HCCI combustion characteristics during operation on DME and methane fuels

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted much interest because it can simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low emissions. However, the ignition timing is difficult to control because this engine has no physical ignition mechanism. In addition, combustion proceeds very rapidly because the premixed mixture ignites simultaneously at multiple locations in the cylinder, making it difficult to increase the operating load. In this study, an HCCI engine was operated using blended test fuels comprised of dimethyl ether (DME) and methane, each of which have different ignition characteristics. The effects of mixing ratios and absolute quantities of the two types of fuel on the ignition timing and rapidity of combustion were investigated. Cool flame reaction behavior, which significantly influences the ignition, was also analyzed in detail on the basis of in-cylinder spectroscopic measurements. The experimental results revealed that within the range of the experimental conditions used in this study, the quantity of DME supplied substantially influenced the ignition timing, whereas there was little observed effect from the quantity of methane supplied. Spectroscopic measurements of the behavior of a substance corresponding to HCHO also indicated that the quantity of DME supplied significantly influenced the cool flame behavior. However, the rapidity of combustion could not be controlled even by varying the mixing ratios of DME and methane. It was made clear that changes in the ignition timing substantially influence the rapidity of combustion.     

CO2和H2对HCCI二甲醚发动机燃烧影响的数值模拟

模拟了燃用DME的HCC I发动机的燃烧过程,研究了进气添加剂CO2和H2对其着火时刻和指示功的影响。结果表明:CO2能延迟着火时刻,降低缸内压力和温度,从而扩大HCC I燃烧运行范围;H2也可推迟着火,并能有效提高发动机的指示功。为了既控制着火始点,又提高发动机指示功,提出进气中同时添加适量CO2和H2,并就此进行了计算。     

Experimental study of performance and emission characteristics of DEE-assisted minimally processed ethanol fuelled HCCI engine

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alternative combustion concept for reciprocating engines. This study investigates an HCCI engine fuelled with Diethyl ether (DEE) ignition assisted wet ethanol (ethanol with 20% water content). The direct use of wet ethanol could reduce the associated energy required for distillation and dehydration of ethanol. The HCCI engine offers significant benefits in terms of its high efficiency and ultra low emissions. The experiment is conducted with various DEE flow rates and at different air-fuel ratios, for which stable HCCI combustion is achieved. Incylinder pressure, heat release analysis and exhaust emissions were observed. In this study, the effect of DEE on combustion parameters, thermal efficiency and emissions is analysed and discussed in detail. The experimental results indicate that the DEE flow rates have a significant effect on the maximum in-cylinder pressure and its position, thermal efficiency, maximum rate of pressure rise and the heat release rate. Results show that for all stable operating points, brake thermal efficiency is higher than reference mode at lower loads and almost same at higher loads. The emission parameters such as NO, HC and CO are lower than the dual fuel mode which is considered as a reference model for this experiment.     

外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI燃烧的影响

考察了外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI发动机燃烧的影响。试验结果表明:外部热EGR可以推迟HCCI燃烧的着火时刻,减缓放热速率,但对于高辛烷值燃料的HCCI燃烧,它对更高EGR率的兼容能力不强,需要提高进气温度来提高燃烧的稳定性;随着EGR率的增加,燃烧持续期延长,缸内温度和压力峰值均减小,指示热效率也随着减小;NOx排放随着EGR率的增加在经过一个"拐点"后始终维持在一个较低的水平,而CO和HC的排放随着EGR率的增加显著增加,燃烧恶化。     

醇醚燃料发动机非常规污染物排放特性研究

在1台经过改装的单缸柴油机上,采用气相色谱和FT-IR红外光谱检测技术,开展了进气道喷射DME和甲醇双燃料HCCI燃烧方式,以及进气道喷射DME、缸内直喷甲醇双燃料复合燃烧方式下,非常规污染物排放特性的试验研究。结果表明,在不同的燃烧方式下均检测到甲醛、乙醛、甲酸、甲酸甲酯等非常规排放物,且甲醛是非常规排放物中的主要成分。DME—甲醇HCCI燃烧方式下,在同一负荷下随着甲醇喷射量的增加,甲醛、乙醛、甲酸甲酯的排放都有所增加;在同一甲醇浓度下随着发动机负荷的增加,甲醛的排放增加,乙醛的排放减少,甲酸甲酯的排放先减少后增加。复合式燃烧方式下,甲醛的排放随着有效功率的增大呈先降低后升高的趋势;甲酸甲酯和甲酸的排放均随着有效功率的增加而减少,随着DME喷射比例的增加而增加。DME—甲醇HCCI燃烧方式下,甲醇排放量增加十分明显。     

Numerical analysis of the effect of inhomogeneous pre-mixture on the pressure rise rate in an HCCI engine using multi-zone chemical kinetics

The HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engine is an internal combustion engine under development, which is capable of providing both high diesel-like efficiency and very low NO_x and particulate emissions. However, several technical issues must be resolved before the HCCI engine is ready for widespread application. One issue is that its operating range is limited by an excessive pressure rise rate which is caused by the excessive heat release from its selfaccelerated combustion reaction and the resulting engine knock in high-load conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of thermal and fuel stratification for reducing the pressure rise rate in HCCI engines. The NO_x and CO concentrations in the exhaust gas were also evaluated to confirm combustion completeness and NO_x emissions. The computational work was conducted using a multi-zone code with detailed chemical kinetics, including the effects of thermal and fuel stratification on the onset of ignition and the rate of combustion. The engine was fueled with dimethyl ether (DME) which has a unique two-stage heat release, and methane which has a one-stage heat release.     

EGR对二甲醚HCCI着火过程的数值模拟研究

从化学反应动力学的角度,应用单区燃烧模型和已建立的二甲醚（DME）化学反应机理,对DME均质充量压燃（HCCI）的着火过程进行了数值模拟,分析了不同EGR率对其着火过程的影响,并从热效应及化学效应两方面分析了内部热EGR对燃料着火过程的影响。研究结果表明：内部热EGR对DME的HCCI着火过程有着显著影响。     

二甲醚均质压燃模式非常规排放的试验研究

在ZS1100柴油机上进行了二甲醚均质压燃、二甲醚—柴油混合燃料燃烧模式下的非常规排放试验研究。试验结果表明,二甲醚均质压燃非常规排放物主要是甲醛,其排放量主要与负荷变化相关,柴油机能够稳定运行的最大扭矩是20 N.m,混合燃料燃烧时,负荷可达到45 N.m。     

二甲醚均质充量压燃发动机燃烧特性试验研究

通过改造一台压缩比为16．5的2-135柴油机,在其上实现DME的HCCI燃烧方式。试验结果表明,DME HCCI发动机不但可以实现无烟燃烧,而且可以有效控制发动机NOx排放,使其接近0排放。在试验负荷范围内,CO排放随负荷增加而降低;HC的排放随负荷变化不大。