Preparation of benzene adsorption materials using waste activated alumina

A new type of benzene adsorption material was prepared by using the airtight heat treatment method. This method can directly transform the organic impurities of the activated alumina waste into carbon with adsorption capability. The microstructure and carbon content of materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) surface area analysis and elemental analysis. The influences of heat treatment temperature on the properties of the composite materials were discussed. The benzene adsorption capability of the material was investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal heat treatment process condition is airtight heating at 400°C for 2 h. The resulting sample has carbon mass fraction of 3.57%, specific surface area of 234.70m²/g, pore volume of 0.41m³/g, and average pore size of 6.59 nm. The samples show excellent benzene adsorption capability with an adsorption rate of 21.80%.     

Thermodynamic analyse on equilibrium precipitation phases and composition design of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

The solidification paths of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and its precipitation behavior are analyzed using software package JMatPro 6.0 for material property simulation of Al-base alloys. The microstructures of the experimental alloys are analyzed; the experimental results of microstructural analysis are in agreement with the thermodynamic prediction. Through orthogonal experimental method, this paper designs the composition of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys by studying the variation of ?? (MgZn₂) phase, S (Al₂CuMg) phase, T (AlZnMgCu) phase amount and precipitation temperatures with different Zn, Mg and Cu contents. It is found that with the optimum mass fraction of Zn of 6.7%, Mg of 2.2%?C2.5% and Cu of 1.6%?C2.0%, the mass fraction of ?? phase can be up to 8.7%?C9.22% and that of S phase and T phase can be lower than 0.5%.     

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Copolymer Hydrogel with Poly（ethylene glycol） Dimethacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Layered Double Hydroxides

This paper describes the fabrication, characterization and properties of a novel hybrid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel via in situ polymerization. The hybrid hydrogel was fabricated by free-radical redox polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and N, N, N??, N??-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as initiators and N, N??-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as cross-linker at 60°C. To create a hybrid hydrogel, 0.2% (mass fraction) of MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) was added to the aqueous solution by ultrasonic dispersion. The physicochemical properties of hybrid hydrogel under vacuum freeze-drying processing were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while swelling kinetics and gel content were calculated. Swelling degree in distilled water varied from 94%?C125% with a gel mass fraction of 83%?C91%. SEM images showed that the micron pore size of hydrogel could be adjusted within the range of several micrometers by changing the cross-linker mass fraction from 2% to 10% (based on glycol). The results showed that the hybrid hydrogels exhibited excellent physicochemical behavior and might be a promising material for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.     

Effects of cooling rates on microstructures and mechanical properties of Nb-Ti microalloyed steel

The mechanical properties and microstructure of as-cast Nb-Ti microalloyed steel at different temperatures and cooling rates are investigated in this paper. The III brittle zone (700?C900°C) is revealed. The reduction of the hot ductility is due to the film-like proeutectoid ferrite or the Nb(C, N) precipitates along the austenitic grain boundaries. In the temperature range of 850?C1 000°C, with the increase of the cooling rate, the hot ductility decreases. However, in the range of 650?C850°C, the appearance of large volume fractions of ferrite on austenite grain boundaries minimizes the effect of cooling rate on hot ductility. When the cooling rate is 10°C/s, austenite transforms more quickly to ferrite and at a lower temperature a larger amount of ferrite nucleates and precipitates in the grain, which leads to a sharper improvement in the hot ductility at 650°C.     

TiO_2-CNTs/FeNi36激光熔覆复合涂层制备研究

采用激光熔覆技术制备了TiO_2-CNTs/FeNi36复合涂层,研究了核壳式TiO_2-CNTs增强体对激光熔覆复合涂层孔洞、微观结构和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:核壳式TiO_2-CNTs增强体的加入大大减小了复合涂层中孔洞数量和尺寸,有效抑制了涂层大孔洞的产生;增强体的加入没有改变因瓦合金基体物相组成,基体合金仍为[FeNi]奥氏体单相。随着增强体含量的增加,复合涂层基体合金的晶格常数逐渐减小,然后保持稳定;复合涂层维氏硬度逐渐增加,然后趋向稳定,最大值为315 HV,约为单一因瓦合金涂层的2.5倍;当增强体含量为1.5 wt%,磨损率最低,较单一因瓦合金涂层降低了60%,复合涂层摩擦学性能得到了提高。     

Micro-Grinding Performance of Hard-Brittle Chip Materials in Precision Micro-Grinding Microgroove

The micro-structure on hard-brittle chip materials (HBCMs) surface can produce predominant functions and features. The micro-grinding with diamond wheel micro-tip is an efficient method to machine microstructure on HBCMs. However, different HBCMs and crystal orientation may have a significant influence on the micro-grinding performance. In this paper, the micro-grinding performance along different crystal orientation of HBCMs is investigated. First, a dressed 600^# diamond grinding wheel is used to micro-grind micro-structure on HBCMs. Then, the experiment of micro-grinding force test is completed. Finally, the quality of microgroove, the grinding ratio and the micro-grinding force are investigated and they are related to the crystal orientation of HBCMs. It is shown that the stronger resistance to the micro-crack propagation has the best quality of microgroove and the smallest grinding ratio. Moreover, the hardest single-crystal SiC has the best machinability and the micro-grinding force is 38.9%, 10.8% and 46.8% less than the one of sapphire, single-crystal Si and quartz glass, respectively. The direction to micro-grind easily is the crystal orientation 〈10\(\overline 1 \)0〉 for single-crystal SiC and sapphire. In addition, the micro-grinding force increases with the increase of the micro-grinding depth and feed rate and decreases with the increase of the grinding wheel speed.     

Field emission from carbon nanotube/tin composite

Powder metallurgy was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes. CNTs and tin (Sn) powder were blended, compacted and sintered. After polishing and etching, CNTs were exposed and protruded from the metal surface. CNTs were embedded into the Sn matrix, which acted as stable field emitters. The J-E curves show excellent field emission properties, such as low turn-on field of 2.8 V/μm, high emission current density and good current stability.     

基于车辆-移动轨道耦合模型的列车碰撞爬车行为

为了揭示车辆参数对列车碰撞爬车行为的影响规律,首先基于车轨耦合的基本思路,建立车辆模型和移动轨道模型,用非线性轮轨接触模型耦合车辆模型和移动轨道模型;非线性钩缓装置模型用于连接相邻的两个车辆模型;然后通过模拟两同型列车低速正面碰撞,获得了不同参数情况下车辆和轨道的动态响应;最后用车轮抬升量作为车辆碰撞爬车指标,分析了车轮抬升量对碰撞速度、车体质心高度和二系垂向刚度的灵敏度和相对灵敏度. 结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,当碰撞速度增大至27 km/h时,车轮抬升量陡增至36.5 mm;质心高度增大20%时,车轮抬升量增加41%;二系垂向刚度增大20%时,车轮抬升量减小16.6%;车轮抬升量随碰撞速度和质心高度的增大而增大,而随着二系垂向刚度的增大而减小;车轮抬升量对碰撞速度的灵敏度是非线性的;质心高度和二系垂向刚度的相对灵敏度分别为205%和?83%.      

1975-2007���й���·�������ܱ仯����

根据中国铁路运输行业多年的统计数据,探讨了1975-2007年中国铁路机车的逐年能源消耗量,分析了中国铁路机车的能耗强度及其变化. 结果表明,1975年至2007年,中国铁路蒸汽机车的原煤消耗量逐年大幅降低,内燃机车的柴油消耗量和电力机车的耗电量逐年上升,但机车年耗能总量呈降低趋势,平均每年减少11.5万吨标准煤. 中国铁路机车的能耗强度呈明显的降低趋势,其值从1975年的267.9 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里降至2007年的35.6 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里,年均降低7.3 kg标准煤／万换算吨公里. 该研究对明确多年来中国铁路运输行业的机车能耗状况及其年际变化具有一定的意义,可为制定中国铁路运输行业的节能对策提供依据.     

HPLC法测定健宝胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量

目的　建立健宝胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量测定方法。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,色谱柱为C18(15 0mm×4.6mm) ,流动相为乙腈 0 .0 75mol·L-1磷酸溶液 (2 5∶75 ) ,流速 1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为 2 70nm。结果　淫羊藿苷进样量在 0 .0 6～ 0 .30 μm范围内 ,线性关系良好 (r=0 .9991) ,方法回收率为 98.5 0 %(n =5 ,RSD =1.2 0 %)。结论　本方法准确、简便、快速 ,适合于该药的质量分析检验。     

Effect of La addition on electrochemical properties of amorphous LaMg11Zr+200Ni alloy

The effect of La addition on the structure and electrochemical properties of amorphous LaMg₁₁Zr+200Ni (LaMg₁₁Zr: Ni = 1: 2, m: m) hydrogen storage alloy prepared by mechanical alloying was investigated systematically. The results show that the alloys have an amorphous structure after 20 h ball-milling and the particles are significantly refined with the addition of La. The electrochemical tests indicate that the charging resistance of the alloy electrodes decreases with the addition of La. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes increases with the increase of La addition, while the cyclic stability and high-rate discharge performance increase firstly and then decrease as the La content increases. When the mass fraction of La is up to 5%, the maximum discharge capacity after charging/discharging of 30 cycles of the alloy electrode is increased from 576.2 to 597.5 mA· h/g, and the capacity retention rate and high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of the alloy electrode are increased by 20.5% and 29.4% respectively compared with those of the alloy electrode without the La addition, exhibiting the best comprehensive electrochemical performances.     

弹射冲击荷载下重载铁路路基动位移空间分布特征

为研究军用重载铁路路基动响应空间分布特征,通过高度非线性分析程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D建立了重载铁路轨道-路基-地基三维显式动力分析模型,并引入三维一致黏弹性人工边界;采用梯形冲击荷载模拟弹射冲击,探讨了不同幅值(150～600 kN)的弹射冲击荷载作用时重载铁路路基系统动位移的空间分布特征,通过Boussinesq弹性理论与林绣贤多层系统当量理论验证了数值模型的可靠性. 结果分析表明:当作用在轨道上的弹射荷载开始进入卸载状态时,路基系统的竖向动位移达到最大值;结束卸载时,道床顶面存在一定量的残余变形,且残余变形随荷载幅值增长呈线性增长,增长速率约为0.60 × 10?2 mm/kN;在不同荷载幅值下路基动位移沿线路横、纵向均呈对称分布,动位移沿竖向近似呈直线型衰减,且衰减速率随着荷载幅值的增加而增大;荷载幅值越大,路基动位移的轮对效应及道床和基床对钢轨动力的分担作用均越来越显著;路基的动位移峰值与荷载幅值大致呈线性关系,道床顶面的动位移峰值随荷载幅值增长最快,增长速率约为1.27 × 10?2 mm/kN,基床表层与基床底层次之,增长速率分别约为1.23 × 10?2、1.20 × 10?2 mm/kN,路基本体增长最慢,增长速率约为1.10 × 10?2 mm/kN.      

30NiCrMoV12和EA4T材质高速动车组车轴服役性能

为全面掌握高速动车组30NiCrMoV12和EA4T两种车轴材质的服役性能，分别实测了新、旧车轴的化学成分、常规力学性能、标样疲劳特性、冲击性能、断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值和疲劳裂纹扩展速率等，并对其金相组织进行观测，综合评价分析两种材质车轴服役性能. 结果表明:（1） 与EA4T材质相比，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴中Ni含量高10倍，Mo、V含量高2倍，C含量略高，抗拉强度高34%，屈服强度高54%，疲劳强度高30%；（2） 断裂损伤性能对比中，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴比EA4T材质车轴的常温冲击功约低12%，断裂韧性约高34%，EA4T材质新轴疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值比30NiCrMoV12新轴的高21%，旧轴时两者相当；（3） 当应力强度因子幅度小于50 MPa?m1/2时，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴裂纹扩展速率大于EA4T材质车轴，反之，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴裂纹扩展速率小于EA4T材质车轴；（4） 30NiCrMoV12材质车轴整个截面组织均为晶粒细小的贝氏体和回火马氏体，淬透性较好，制造工艺性能好；EA4T车轴在表面约30 mm深度范围为均匀的贝氏体和回火马氏体，后随深度增加逐渐出现铁素体，距表面60 mm为珠光体和铁素体，并以铁素体为主.      

热处理对增材制造贝氏体钢组织及性能的影响

针对金属电弧增材制造过程热循环在线控制困难,导致成形组织不均、力学性能低下的问题,以辙叉用贝氏体钢为成形材料,研究了不同整体后热处理工艺对其电弧增材制造试样组织及性能的影响,并对热处理工艺进行了优化.研究结果表明:去应力退火后的电弧增材制造试样力学性能较差,且存在各向异性,经290 ℃等温淬火与280 ℃回火处理后,试样微观组织由回火索氏体转变为下贝氏体+回火马氏体,抗拉强度提升39%,屈服强度提升61%,断后延伸率提升29%,冲击韧性提升17%,硬度提升20%,且各向异性特征大大缓解,材料组织趋于均匀.      

垮塌区Navier-Stokes幂律型浆体的有效扩散范围

为了研究注浆过程水泥浆体在破碎岩体中的扩散范围和压力分布状态，以Navier-Stokes方程为理论基础，在COMSOL平台上建立单裂隙模型，模拟浆体在不规则的单一裂隙面上的流动特征. 在此基础上，建立破碎岩体的平面裂隙模型，同时设置不同的贯通系数，模拟浆体在破碎岩体中的扩散规律. 研究结果表明:当模型中裂隙贯通系数较低时（0.1～0.5），浆体有效扩散范围较小，约为1.5～4.1 m，扩散范围随着压差的增加呈非线性的增加，但是增加率快速降低接近0；当模型中裂隙贯通系数较大时（0.5～1.0），浆体的有效扩散范围显著增加，约为4.1～6.2 m，随着压差的增加也呈非线性增加，增加率呈降低的趋势；当模型中裂隙贯通系数为1.0时，即破碎的岩体中裂隙面全部连通状态，浆体扩散距离随着压差的增加近似呈线性增加，最大扩散距离约为6.2 m. 同时在注浆孔外围6 m处取芯结果能明显观察到浆体固结的破碎岩块，这与模型计算结果一致.      

钢轨硬度对疲劳裂纹萌生和钢轨磨耗的影响

为了研究钢轨磨耗和疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与钢轨硬度的关系，基于Archard磨耗模型和临界平面法疲劳裂纹萌生预测模型，结合磨耗和型面变化分段迭代和疲劳损伤累积，提出了钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生和磨耗共存预测方法；对4种不同硬度钢轨的磨耗发展、疲劳损伤累积以及疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行研究. 结果表明:该方法预测的裂纹萌生寿命与现场观测结果有较好的吻合性；高硬度钢轨可以降低磨耗、延长疲劳裂纹萌生寿命，适合在小半径曲线上应用；4种硬度的钢轨中，钢轨硬度每提高10 HBW，平均磨耗发展率将降低约3%～6%，疲劳裂纹萌生寿命延长约9%～12%；对比U78CrV/U76CrRE热轧钢轨，U78CrV热处理钢轨的平均硬度值增加了17.9%，磨耗发展率降低了约19.8%，疲劳裂纹萌生寿命延长了约57.7%；在轮轨摩擦系数为0.3时，4种钢轨的疲劳裂纹均萌生于轨面1.0～2.5 mm以下的亚表面范围内，距离轨顶中心15～18 mm.      

生物滞留带构造对其渗蓄效果的影响

为了研究生物滞留带构造参数及组合方式对其渗蓄效果的影响，提出了判定生物滞留带渗蓄效果的评价指标，并对16组不同构造的生物滞留带开展模拟降雨径流正交试验，研究了种植土和填料层成分及含量、透水土工布位置、砂层颗粒级配和构造厚度对生物滞留带渗蓄效果的影响. 研究结果表明:影响生物滞留带渗蓄效应程度大小的排序为:砂层级配>填料层成分和含量>结构层厚度>土工布位置>种植土成分和含量；生物滞留带最佳组合形式从上至下依次为:20 cm厚种植土，35 cm厚填料层（其中珍珠岩、蛭石、土壤和砂的体积占比为10%、5%、10%和75%），10 cm厚砂层（其中砂层颗粒级配为0～0.5 mm占15%、0.5～0.7 mm占40%、0.7～1.0 mm占30%、1.0～2.0 mm占15%），20 cm厚砾石层以及不设置透水土工布.      

Effect of Cu Co-doping on the magnetism of Zn0.95Co0.05O films

Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O (atomic ratio, x = 0?C8%) thin films are fabricated on Si(111) substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Detailed characterizations indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn²⁺ ions in ZnO lattice. The doped Cu ions are in +1 and +2 mixture valent state. The ferromagnetism of the Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O film increases gradually with the increase of the Cu⁺ ion concentration till x = 6%, but decreases for higher Cu concentration. Experimental results indicate that the increase of ferromagnetism is not owing to the magnetic contribution of Cu⁺ ions themselves, but owing to the enhancement of magnetic interaction between Co²⁺ ions, which suggests that p-type doping of Cu⁺ ions plays an important role in mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between Co ions.     

纳米SiO2对混凝土盐类结晶循环性能的影响

为了改善混凝土在海水、土壤等盐环境中的性能,通过混凝土强度试验,研究了掺纳米SiO2混凝土在盐类结晶循环中的性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X-射线衍射分析（XRD）对混凝土微观结构进行了研究.结果表明：纳米SiO2能够改善混凝土的性能;从性能和经济两方面考虑,推荐纳米SiO2的最佳掺量（质量分数）为1%.与基准混凝土相比,在110次循环后,掺纳米SiO21%的混凝土的耐腐蚀循环系数和相对耐腐蚀循环系数分别提高11%和20%.微观结构分析表明,纳米SiO2可以改善混凝土界面结构,降低氢氧化钙的含量.     

Purification effects of C2Cl6 on A00 aluminum

The effects of several fluxes on purification, microstructures and properties of A00 aluminum have been studied. The experimental results and analyses indicate that many cracks and large porosities exist in the surface film above the melt purified by C₂Cl₆ and that the film is floc and mostly composed of Al₂O₃ and pure aluminum, which carries many carbon particles and AlCl₃ not fully volatilized. And then over 50% (mass fraction) of the all-melting residue is pure aluminum, which is one of the major reasons for high melting loss. Moreover, because of a mass of gas bubbles and a state of seethe, there are many inclusions which size is under 10 ??m in the microstructure of A00 aluminum purified with C₂Cl₆ or fluxes containing C₂Cl₆. With this purifying method, the aluminum crystal grains are extended along the radius that was observed firstly and the average crystal size of A00 aluminum are about 100?C150 ??m. In addition, small size inclusions have little affected on tensile strength and micro inclusions under 10 ??m have little affected on elongation.