Improvement the electrochemical performance of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 electrode with AlF3 added

Layered solid solution material Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ is synthesized and the AlF₃ is added to improve the electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ samples exhibit layered characteristics. The AlF₃ additive is detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) technology. The electrochemical tests show that Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ electrode with AlF₃ added delivers better discharge capacity (240mA· h/g), first coulomb efficiency 79.2%, cyclic performance (capacity retention ratio of 100.6% after 50 cycles), and rate capacity (68mA · h/g at 10 capacity (C)) than the pristine sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results show that the charge transfer resistance of Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ electrode with AlF₃ added increases slower than that of pristine Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ after cycling, which is responsible for better cyclic and rate performance.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2/C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2/C复合材料.并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试.XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的.透射电镜(TEM)结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10 nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹.纳米SnO2/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2／C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2／C复合材料．并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试．XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的．透射电镜（TEM）结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹．纳米SnO2／C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性．     

Synthesis of sub-micrometer lithium iron phosphate particles using supercritical hydrothermal method for lithium ion batteries

In this study, sub-micrometer LiFePO₄ particles with high purity and crystallinity were synthesized using supercritical hydrothermal method as the cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Experimental results show that templates and calcination time have significant impacts on the purity, particle size and morphology of LiFePO₄ particles. The as-prepared LiFePO₄ particles using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) template with additional one hour calcination at 700°C exhibit characteristics of good crystallinity, uniform size distribution, high capacity and cycling performance. The specific discharge capacities of 141.2 and 114.0mA·h/g were obtained at the charge/discharge rates of 0.1 and 1.0 C, respectively. It retained 96.0% of an initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1.0 C rate. The good electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized material is attributed to the synergistic factors of its reasonable particle size and surface areas and high crystallinity.     

Improvements of elevated temperature strength and creep resistance of Mg-12Zn-4Al based alloy with calcium addition

A series of Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn (ZA124) based alloys with additions of calcium have been prepared and their microstructure and properties have been investigated. The results show that Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn alloy consists of the ??-Mg matrix and block quasicrystal and exhibits excellent creep resistance compared to commonly used AZ91 alloy. A small amount of calcium addition to the ZA124 based alloys increased the yield strenghth at both ambient and elevated temperatures as well as creep resistance, although the ductility decreased slightly. Microanalysis indicated that the addition of calcium decreased the quasicrystalline phase and caused the formation of some lamellar precipitates of Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ with orthorhombic crystal structure. This Ca-containing Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ phase with high stability straddled the grain boundaries and strengthened grain boundaries by inhibiting crack propagation during creep tests at elevated temperature.     

Hydrogen adsorption by woodceramics produced from biomass

Hydrogen adsorption characteristics of woodceramics, made from radiata pine wood fiber boards carbonized at 1 473K after impregnation with phenolic resin, with and without chemical treatment in an alkaline (KOH) or an acid (H₂SO₄) solution were investigated The hydrogen adsorption capacity is improved by chemical treatment. The chemical treatment by KOH improves the adsorption capacity more than by H₂SO₄. The improvement of the capacity level, in any solution, is dependent on the type of chemical in the solution and its concentration. The maximum hydrogen capacity measured at 93K is mass fraction about w(H) = 2% for the woodceramics after chemical treatment in a volume fraction ?? = 50% KOH solution, although that is about w(H) = 0.7% for one without chemical treatment. The microscopic condition of pores in the woodceramics is thought to vary after chemical treatment.     

镍锌超级电池的研究

通过在镍锌电池锌负极掺杂不同比例的活性炭制备了新的电极,该电极制备的电池既具备电池性能又具备电容性能.通过电化学性能测试得出电池的容量在25 mAh.普通镍锌电池和镍锌超级电池在四种不同倍率下进行充放电测试,普通镍锌电池在高倍率下充放电能量效率较低,而镍锌超级电池可在高倍率下充放电,镍锌超级电池掺C 20％循环寿命最长.     

点焊电极点焊镀锌钢板的失效分析

本文对Ｃｒ—Ｃｒ—Ｃｕ合金材料制造的电极在点焊镀锌钢板时的失效形式进行了分析．结果表明：Ｃｒ—Ｚｒ－Ｃｕ合金材料制造的电极在点焊镀锌钢板时的失效形式主要是电极头部的塑性变形、电极端面的合金化以及再结晶和粘附。点焊镀锌钢板时电极失效的主要原因是Ｃｒ—Ｚｒ—Ｃｕ名金材料的软化温度低，点焊温度下的硬度、强度低和端面的合金化。     

Ni／MH电池负极材料—贮氢合金的研究概况

简述了Ni/MH电池的原理和应用，对Ni/MH电池负极材料的基本类型及开发历史和发展现状进行了综合评述，AB5型合金的开发和应用已较为成熟，但其贮氢容量不高，AB2型合金与A2B型（Mg基）合金的贮氢容量较高，但AB2型合金活化困难，高倍率放电低于AB5型合金，尚未得到广泛应用，A2B型合金虽然成本低，但循环稳定性较差，循环寿命短，尚未实现实用化，V基固溶体型合金同样也存在循环寿命短的特点，AB23型合金由于具有较高的容量并易被活化引起越来越多的研究。     

Grain refining mechanism of carbon inoculation on Mg-Al alloy

The processing parameters and refining mechanism of Mg-Al alloy treated with a newly developed carbon inoculant under different conditions were investigated experimentally in this work. Results show that the finest ??-Mg grain in AZ91D alloy can be obtained after processing at about 740°C, and the average grain size of ??-Mg grain decreases from about 180.4 to 85.6 ??m by adding mass fraction w _in = 1% inoculant into melt. However, no evident refinement was achieved with excessive inoculant for Mn-free Mg-9Al alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis on the Mn-contained intermediate phase and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that Mn element plays an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation of ??-Mg grain. In the early stage of solidification, Al-Mn-C compound particles formed on the surface of Al₄C₃ nano-particles should be the potential nuclei for primary ??-Mg and probably responsible for the grain refinement achieved in the carbon inoculation process.     

铁基非晶合金非晶形成能力的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法,模拟了Fe60 Cr20 Mo20和Fe50 Cr20 Mo20 M10（ M＝Ni, W）铁基非晶合金的形成过程,通过加热至熔融态再淬火的方法计算出了了Fe60 Cr20 Mo20、Fe50 Cr20 Mo20 M10和Fe50 Cr20 Mo20 W10三种合金形成非晶的临界冷速及一系列热力学参数。结果表明,三种合金形成非晶的临界冷速分别为15．7 K/ps、3．62 K/ps和1．04 K/ps,四元合金较三元合金形成非晶所需的临界冷速大大降低,而W元素的添加更能提高合金的非晶形成能力。另外,通过热力学参数分析,Fe50 Cr20 Mo20 W10合金的约化玻璃转变温度Trg较大为0．626,也说明其具有较好的非晶形成能力。     

Microstructure and hardness of Ni-xSi alloys

The microstructure and hardness of conventionally solidified Ni-xSi (x = 21.4%, 22%, 24%, 26%) alloys were investigated. The solidification microstructures of different Ni-Si alloys were observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phase composition was indentified under the help of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The macro- and micro-hardness of the Ni-Si alloys at room temperature were also examined. The experimental results indicated that both the microstructure and hardness closely depended on the Si content. Due to the vast formation of primary ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase, the hardness of Ni-26.0%Si alloy was significantly improved compared with that of Ni-21.4%Si eutectic alloy. However, the fracture toughness was greatly weakened simultaneously. The (?? ₁-Ni₃Si+??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂) lamellar eutectoid structure formed in the primary ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase exhibited better ductility than single ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase at the cost of relatively small hardness reduction.     

TiO_2-CNTs/FeNi36激光熔覆复合涂层制备研究

采用激光熔覆技术制备了TiO_2-CNTs/FeNi36复合涂层,研究了核壳式TiO_2-CNTs增强体对激光熔覆复合涂层孔洞、微观结构和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:核壳式TiO_2-CNTs增强体的加入大大减小了复合涂层中孔洞数量和尺寸,有效抑制了涂层大孔洞的产生;增强体的加入没有改变因瓦合金基体物相组成,基体合金仍为[FeNi]奥氏体单相。随着增强体含量的增加,复合涂层基体合金的晶格常数逐渐减小,然后保持稳定;复合涂层维氏硬度逐渐增加,然后趋向稳定,最大值为315 HV,约为单一因瓦合金涂层的2.5倍;当增强体含量为1.5 wt%,磨损率最低,较单一因瓦合金涂层降低了60%,复合涂层摩擦学性能得到了提高。     

T91与钢102异种钢焊接接头氢致裂纹研究

用甘油法分别测定了CM-9Cb、R347和国内新研制的T91专用焊条熔敷金属中的护散氢含量，通过阴极电解渗氢和定载延迟开裂试验，研究了选用不同焊条焊接时、T91与钢102异种钢接头的氢致裂纹倾向，确定了临界启裂应力。     

T91与钢102异种钢焊接接头氢致裂纹研究

用甘油法分别测定了CM-9Cb、R347和国内新研制的T91专用焊条熔敷金属中的扩散氢含量.通过阴极电解渗氢和定载延迟开裂试验,研究了选用不同焊条焊接时,T91与钢102异种钢接头的氢致裂纹倾向,确定了临界启裂应力.     

铝合金表面镍钼二元化学转化膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性

以NiSO4和Na2MoO4作为成膜主盐制备铝合金表面无铬的Ni-Mo二元化学转化膜,考察了溶液pH值、NiSO4浓度、Na2MoO4浓度、温度对Ni-Mo二元膜耐腐蚀性能的影响.耐腐蚀性试验、电化学分析和SEM表征结果表明：与空白铝合金试片、覆盖Ni一元膜的铝合金试片相比,覆盖Ni-Mo二元膜的铝合金具有更佳的耐腐蚀性能和更为平整的转化膜外观.     

Recycling of aluminum from fibre metal laminates

Recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w(Cu) = 4.4%, w(Mg) = 1.1% and w(Mn) = 0.6% (2024 aluminum alloy). The main objective of this research is to obtain a high metal yield, while maintaining its original alloy compositions. The work focuses on the metal yield and quality of recycled Al alloy under different refining conditions. The NaCl-KCl salt system was selected as the major components of flux in the Al alloy recycling. Two different flux compositions were employed at NaCl to KCl mass ratios of 44:56 and 70:30 respectively, based on either the eutectic composition, or the European preference. Different additives were introduced into the NaCl-KCl system to study the effect of flux component on recycling result. Although burning and oxidation loss of the alloying elements during re-melting and refining take place as the drawbacks of conventional refining process, the problems can be solved to a large extent by using an appropriate salt flux. Experimental results indicate that Mg in the alloy gets lost when adding cryolite in the NaCl-KCl salt system, though the metal yield can reach as high as 98%. However, by adding w(MgF₂) = 5% into the NaCl-KCl salt system (instead of using cryolite) all alloying elements were well controlled to its original composition with a metal yield of almost 98%.     

Fe-30Mn-2．7Si合金单宁酸化学转化膜研究

以优选工艺,进行单宁酸溶液处理Fe-30Mn-2.7S i恒弹性合金,在其表面形成化学转化膜.采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜及在1 mol/L Na2SO4溶液中测定阳极极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱等技术研究化学转化膜的结构、成膜机制与提高其耐电化学腐蚀性能的效果.依据在Fe-30Mn-2.7S i合金表面进行10%CuSO2滴浸的加速腐蚀实验,初步选定较优的单宁酸反应成膜工艺条件.这种转化膜很可能是由有一定孔隙的非晶态合金单宁酸膜层构成.在1 mol/L Na2SO4溶液中,由阳极极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱等参数表征单宁酸转化膜的抗腐蚀性能优于Fe-30Mn-2.7S i合金基体.文中还简要地讨论单宁酸转化膜的结构与电化学性能.     

碳基超级电容器的快速充放电性能及失效模式

采用基于电动车电池测试规范的超级电容器恒流充放电循环测试时间序列,研究了大电流充放电循环寿命试验中,超级电容器有效容量、充放电持续时间步长等性能指标的衰减规律,以及热能集中、电热击穿等因素诱发的超级电容器瞬间爆燃、表面塌陷等失效模式.     

Effect of Cu Co-doping on the magnetism of Zn0.95Co0.05O films

Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O (atomic ratio, x = 0?C8%) thin films are fabricated on Si(111) substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Detailed characterizations indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn²⁺ ions in ZnO lattice. The doped Cu ions are in +1 and +2 mixture valent state. The ferromagnetism of the Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O film increases gradually with the increase of the Cu⁺ ion concentration till x = 6%, but decreases for higher Cu concentration. Experimental results indicate that the increase of ferromagnetism is not owing to the magnetic contribution of Cu⁺ ions themselves, but owing to the enhancement of magnetic interaction between Co²⁺ ions, which suggests that p-type doping of Cu⁺ ions plays an important role in mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between Co ions.