锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2/C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2/C复合材料.并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试.XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的.透射电镜(TEM)结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10 nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹.纳米SnO2/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性.     

Phase transitions relating to the pozzolanic activity of electrolytic manganese residue during calcination

Electrolytic manganese residue（EMR） is generated from electrolytic manganese metal（EMM） industry, and its disposal is currently a serious problem in China.The EMR were calcined in the interval 100—900℃to enhance their pozzolanic activity and characterized by the differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（TGDTA）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,infra-red（IR） and chemical analysis techniques with the aim to correlate phase transitions and structural features with the pozzolanic activity of calcined EMR.Prom the phase analysis and compressive strength results,it is found that the EMR calcined within 700—800℃had the best pozzolanic activity due to the decomposition of poorly-crystallized CaSO₄ under the reducing ambient created by the decomposition of（NH₄）₂SO₄.The appearance of reactive CaO mainly contributes to the good pozzolanic activity of EMR calcined within 700—800℃.The crystallinity of Mn₃CO₄ increases leading an unfavourable effect on the pozzolanic behaviour of EMR calcined at 900℃.The developed pozzolanic material containing 30%（mass fraction） EMR possesses compressive strength properties at a level similar to 42.5^# normal Portland cement,in the range of 41.5—50.5 MPa.Besides,leaching results show that EMR blend cement pastes have excellent effect on the solidification of heavy metals.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2／C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2／C复合材料．并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试．XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的．透射电镜（TEM）结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹．纳米SnO2／C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性．     

Effect of La addition on electrochemical properties of amorphous LaMg11Zr+200Ni alloy

The effect of La addition on the structure and electrochemical properties of amorphous LaMg₁₁Zr+200Ni (LaMg₁₁Zr: Ni = 1: 2, m: m) hydrogen storage alloy prepared by mechanical alloying was investigated systematically. The results show that the alloys have an amorphous structure after 20 h ball-milling and the particles are significantly refined with the addition of La. The electrochemical tests indicate that the charging resistance of the alloy electrodes decreases with the addition of La. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes increases with the increase of La addition, while the cyclic stability and high-rate discharge performance increase firstly and then decrease as the La content increases. When the mass fraction of La is up to 5%, the maximum discharge capacity after charging/discharging of 30 cycles of the alloy electrode is increased from 576.2 to 597.5 mA· h/g, and the capacity retention rate and high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of the alloy electrode are increased by 20.5% and 29.4% respectively compared with those of the alloy electrode without the La addition, exhibiting the best comprehensive electrochemical performances.     

Improvement the electrochemical performance of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 electrode with AlF3 added

Layered solid solution material Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ is synthesized and the AlF₃ is added to improve the electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ samples exhibit layered characteristics. The AlF₃ additive is detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) technology. The electrochemical tests show that Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ electrode with AlF₃ added delivers better discharge capacity (240mA· h/g), first coulomb efficiency 79.2%, cyclic performance (capacity retention ratio of 100.6% after 50 cycles), and rate capacity (68mA · h/g at 10 capacity (C)) than the pristine sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results show that the charge transfer resistance of Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ electrode with AlF₃ added increases slower than that of pristine Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ after cycling, which is responsible for better cyclic and rate performance.     

Purification effects of C2Cl6 on A00 aluminum

The effects of several fluxes on purification, microstructures and properties of A00 aluminum have been studied. The experimental results and analyses indicate that many cracks and large porosities exist in the surface film above the melt purified by C₂Cl₆ and that the film is floc and mostly composed of Al₂O₃ and pure aluminum, which carries many carbon particles and AlCl₃ not fully volatilized. And then over 50% (mass fraction) of the all-melting residue is pure aluminum, which is one of the major reasons for high melting loss. Moreover, because of a mass of gas bubbles and a state of seethe, there are many inclusions which size is under 10 ??m in the microstructure of A00 aluminum purified with C₂Cl₆ or fluxes containing C₂Cl₆. With this purifying method, the aluminum crystal grains are extended along the radius that was observed firstly and the average crystal size of A00 aluminum are about 100?C150 ??m. In addition, small size inclusions have little affected on tensile strength and micro inclusions under 10 ??m have little affected on elongation.     

机械化学法制备高比表面积碳负载NiO超级电容器材料

采用机械化学法制备NiO/C复合电容材料,用X射线（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了复合电容材料的晶型、形貌及粒径;用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗研究了其超级电容性能.研究结果表明：NiO/C复合材料球磨20 h后粒径由30 nm减小到为15 nm左右,在5 mA/cm^2电流密度下材料的比电容由球磨前的74 F/g增大到170 F/g,电极电化学反应的等效串联内阻由1.355Ω减小到0.81Ω.     

超声波均匀沉淀法制备Y2O3∶Eu3＋纳米晶及其荧光性能

在超声波作用下,使用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米Y2O3∶Eu3＋荧光粉,考察反应物配比、溶液pH值、反应时间、煅烧温度等制备条件对产物晶粒尺寸及产率的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、透射电镜（TEM）和荧光光谱等测试手段表征产物,结果表明,该法制得的纳米Y2O3∶Eu3＋荧光粉颗粒为球形,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径约为30 nm.与微米晶相比,该纳米晶的激发光谱发生明显红移,电荷迁移态最大值（CTS）红移12 nm,发射光谱中发射主峰蓝移8 nm.     

Study on Oxidation Activity of CuCeZrO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> Doped with K for Diesel Engine Particles in NO/O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

CuCeZrO_x and KCuCeZrO_x catalysts were synthesized and coated on the blank diesel particulate filter (DPF) substrate and a particulate matter (PM) loading apparatus was used for soot loading. The catalytic performances of soot oxidation were evaluated by temperature programmed combustion (TPC) test and characterization tests were conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The reaction mechanism in the oxidation process was analyzed with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that CuCeZrO_x catalyst exhibited high activities of soot oxidation at low temperature and the best results have been attained with Cu_0.9Ce_0.05Zr_0.05O_x over which the maximum soot oxidation rate decreased to 410 °C. Characterization tests have shown that catalysts containing 90% Cu have uniformly distributed grains and small particle sizes, which provide excellent oxidation activity by providing more active sites and forming a good bond between the catalyst and the soot. The low-temperature oxidation activity of soot could be further optimized due to the excellent elevated NO’s conversion rate by partially substituting Cu with K. The maximum particle oxidation rate can be easily realized at such a low temperature as 347°C.     

Improvement of immunoassay detection sensitivity by using well-defined raspberry-like magnetic microbeads as carriers

Well-defined raspberry-like magnetic microbeads(RMMBs) as immunoassay solid carriers were prepared by chemical covalent binding between Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres and SiO2 nanoparticles. These RMMBs were not as agglomerative as nano-sized magnetie particles( 200 nm), which was an advangtage for high efficient magnetic separation. When compared to Fe3O4@SiO2core-shell magnetic microbeads(CMMBs) with smooth surface, RMMBs exhibited stronger capacity to bind biomolecules. Limit of blank(LoB) and limit of detection(LoD) of HBsAg detection using RMMBs as carriers via chemiluminiscence immunoassay(CLIA) were 0.472 and1.022 μg/L, respectively, showing a notable improvement compared with CMMBs whose LoB and LoD were 1.017 and 1.988 μg/L, respectively. All these indicated a great potential of RMMBs in immunoassay application.     

环境友好方法制备纳米氧化镁

以MgCl2·6H2O为原料,强碱性阴离子交换树脂作为致沉剂,采用离子交换树脂法制备了纳米MgO粉体．通过单因素实验探讨了MgCl2的起始浓度、反应温度、反应时间以及煅烧温度和时间对MgO粒径及物化性能的影响,用XRD、SEM、TEM对纳米MgO进行了表征,并考查了离子交换树脂的循环利用．结果表明,制备纳米MgO的最佳工艺条件为：MgCl2浓度为0．2mol／L,反应温度为50℃,反应时间8h,煅烧温度及时间为400℃煅烧6h;在最佳工艺条件下制备的纳米MgO具有规则的六方片状结构,平均粒径大小为10nm左右;离子交换树脂的再生对MgO的产率和形貌不产生影响．与其他制备纳米MgO的方法相比,该工艺成本低、污染小、产率较高,具有一定的环保效应,适宜于工业化生产．     

Evolving mechanism of eutectic carbide in as-cast AISI M2 high-speed steel at elevated temperature

AbstractThe evolution in type,size and shape of carbides in as-cast American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI) M2 high-speed steel before and after annealing were investigated.The micromechanism which was responsible for those changes was also analyzed and discussed.At the initial stage of reheating,metastable M2C-type carbide decomposed continuously.M6C-type carbide nucleated at the interface of M2C/γfirstly and grow from surface to center.Then MC-type carbide nucleated at both surface of M6C/M6C and inner of M6C.With the increasing decomposition of the metastable M2C-type carbide,the rod-shaped construction of eutectic carbide began necking,fracturing and spheroidizing gradually.Held enough time or reheated at higher temperature,particle-shaped product aggregated and grew up apparently,while secondary carbide precipitated in cell and grew up less sig- nificantly than the former.Based on the above microstructural observation,the thermodynamic mechanism for decomposition of M2C carbide,for spheroidization of products,and for the growth of particles were analyzed.The rate equations of carbides evolution were derived,too.It shows that the evolving rate is controlled by diffusion coefficients of alloy atoms,morphology of eutectic carbides and heating temperature.     

Grain refining mechanism of carbon inoculation on Mg-Al alloy

The processing parameters and refining mechanism of Mg-Al alloy treated with a newly developed carbon inoculant under different conditions were investigated experimentally in this work. Results show that the finest ??-Mg grain in AZ91D alloy can be obtained after processing at about 740°C, and the average grain size of ??-Mg grain decreases from about 180.4 to 85.6 ??m by adding mass fraction w _in = 1% inoculant into melt. However, no evident refinement was achieved with excessive inoculant for Mn-free Mg-9Al alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis on the Mn-contained intermediate phase and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that Mn element plays an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation of ??-Mg grain. In the early stage of solidification, Al-Mn-C compound particles formed on the surface of Al₄C₃ nano-particles should be the potential nuclei for primary ??-Mg and probably responsible for the grain refinement achieved in the carbon inoculation process.     

多次纺丝与退火对 ITO 薄膜表面均匀性的影响

通过多次纺丝与退火工艺在普通玻璃载玻片上制备ITO透明导电薄膜，研究了退火工艺对薄膜表面形貌的影响。结果表明：退火不仅提高了ITO颗粒的洁净程度，同时减小了其在薄膜表面的粒径分布。多次纺丝与退火可以提高ITO颗粒的覆盖密度，得到致密性比较好、表面缺陷比较少、表面粗糙度比较小、均匀平整的透明导电薄膜。     

荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被表层土壤颗粒的空间异质性

以河西走廊荒漠-绿洲过渡带为研究区域,采用土壤分析筛和地统计学的方法,对研究区典型样地斑块植被表层土壤颗粒的组成特征及其空同异质性进行了研究,结果表明：1）不同粒径范围的土壤颗粒质量含量不同,其中细砂（0.25～0.075 rmm）占总土粒质量的75.135 9％,中砂（0.5～0.25 rmm）占13.273 0％,而粗砂（d＞0.5mm）和粉砂（d＜0.075 mm）的含量相对较少,分别只占5.189 5％和6.401 6：2）不同粒径范围的土壤颗粒空间异质性不同,其中粒径1mm≥d＞0.1 mm的土壤颗粒空间异质性的99.6％～88.8％是由空间自相关因素引起的,随机因素起的作用较小,其它粒径范围的土壤颗粒空间异质性的95.1％～100％是由随机因素引起的,而空间自相关因素的作用很小;3）粒径1mm≥d＞0.1 mm的土壤颗粒含量的最优拟合理论模型为曲线模型,空间异质性尺度在24～36.3 m之间,其它粒径范围的土壤颗粒含量的最优拟合模型为线状模型或块金模型,空同异质性尺度较大,均为146.36m.研究结果为进一步探讨荒漠-绿洲过渡带土壤空同异质性与植被空同格局的关系提供依据.     

Photothermal effect for Fe3O4 nanoparticles contained in micelles induced by near-infrared light

Near infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal effect for Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, contained in Pluronic F127 micelles, has been studied and it exhibits high photothermal converting efficiency. Heat is found to be rapidly generated in micelles containing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by NIR laser irradiation. Upon irradiation at 808 nm light and with mass concentration of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in 4 g/L, the micelle temperature increase is higher than 34°C for 10min irradiation. The maximum temperature of micelles containing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in 4 g/L reaches 62°C.     

Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanostructures in aqueous solution

ZnO nanostructures were prepared in aqueous solution by microwave hydrothermal synthesis. Xray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize ZnO nanostructures (ZNs). The effects of pH, reaction temperature and reaction time on yield of ZnO were investigated. The yield of ZnO increased significantly with the increase of pH value, reaction temperature and reaction time. High yield and well crystallinity of ZNs could be obtained at 120°C for 60min by microwave hydrothermal synthesis. The spherical and rugby-like ZNs were obtained at 120°C without triethanolamine (TEA) and with TEA (mass ratio, $r = m_{Zn^{2 + } }$ : m _TEA = 1: 1), respectively. The concentration of Zn(OH) ₄ ^?2 ions in the reaction solution and TEA had an important effect on the nucleation and morphology of ZnO nanostructures. Mechanism for the formation of ZnO nanostructures was proposed.     

Research on electron beam welding of in situ TiB<Subscript>2p</Subscript>/ZL101 composite

Electron beam welding of in situ TiB_2p reinforced aluminum composites was studied. The results show that no obvious pores or cracks is presented in the weld seam. The grains in the weld seam are remarkably refined and TiB₂ particles distribute much more homogeneously than that in base metal. The hardness values of fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) are both increased in comparison with that of base metal. There are no interface reactions between TiB₂ particle and Al matrix. This results supply the evidence that the novel TiB_2p reinforced aluminum composites can be well joined with the electron beam welding.     

透水混凝土在道路工程中的应用研究

透水混凝土具有良好的透水性,能够缓解公路积水和城市环境问题,是一种环保型的混凝土,通过对不同单粒径混合料的性能进行比较试验,结果表明,将单粒径混合料进行混合具有很多优点。     

有机改性活性矿物的微观结构分析

有机活性矿物的改性再利用可以提高沥青混合料路用性能,节约道路工程造价.文章利用电子显微扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、激光粒度分析仪和红外光谱（IR）等技术研究了有机改性活性矿物的微观结构.研究结果表明,有机改性活性矿物的中粒径D50为31.90 μm,且含有大量的微纳米级SiO2颗粒,能够有效地改善沥青混合料的性能;有机改性组分有可能是具有C=C双键的醇类有机物.