混合动力车用汽油机电控节气门系统的开发研究

为使发动机满足混合动力系统转矩分配控制的需要,针对TJ376QE电喷汽油机,采用步进电机将其机械节气门改造成电控节气门,利用MC68376单片机TPU模块的步进电机控制功能,实现了电控节气门开度的有效控制。台架联合调试结果表明,所开发的电控节气门系统具有较高的响应速度和控制稳定性,可准确执行主控制器的发动机转矩控制指令。     

主动避撞系统的节气门开度仿真分析

针对汽车避撞控制系统的节气门开度进行仿真分析,建立了节气门开度计算模型。首先在CarSim中输入汽车参数,建立整车模型;然后利用汽车动力学关系建立期望加速度与发动机转矩之间的关系,利用节气门开度和发动机转速、扭矩之间的关系反算节气门开度值,建立二维表格模块,利用Simulink完成节气门开度的计算框图;最后在特定工况下进行仿真分析,结果表明建立的节气门开度模型可实现汽车的主动避撞。     

双离合ISG混合动力汽车控制策略

对双离合ISG混合动力汽车的结构和工作要求进行分析,针对双离合ISG混合动力汽车动力系统提出了动态、静态相结合的逻辑门限控制策略。根据设定的静态逻辑门限值判断整车所处的工作模式,在确定的工作模式下查找最佳工作点以控制发动机和ISG电机的输出转矩。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立动力系统仿真模型,并进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,所采用的控制策略能够满足整车动力性要求,燃油经济性较传统汽车提高了19%,能有效降低混合动力汽车的尾气排放。     

单轴并联式混合动力汽车动力系统转矩分配策略研究

针对单轴并联式混合动力汽车,以发动机万有特性和动力电池荷电状态(SOC)为依据,提出了基于能量平衡的逻辑门限的转矩分配控制策略。利用CVT传动系统传动比可连续变化的特性调整发动机工作在高效区,根据发动机万有特性图划分动力系统的工作区间,确定了各工作区间临界阈值参数,制定出整车动力系统控制规则,实时切换了动力系统的工作模式。在不同工作模式下通过确定发动机、驱动电机的最佳工作区对整车需求转矩进行了合理分配,达到提高动力系统的能量利用效率的目标。最后对具有相同动力系统的传统车和该混合动力汽车分别进行了经济性仿真,基于Cruise与Matlab/Simulink仿真平台对提出的转矩分配控制策略进行了联合仿真验证。仿真结果表明:基于能量平衡的逻辑门限的转矩分配策略能够在满足整车动力性的前提下,改善发动机的工作点,增加在高负荷区工作的概率,降低燃油消耗量,提高整车的经济性,并保持动力电池组SOC的波动在高效区内,提高了动力电池的充放电效率,延长其使用寿命。     

四驱混合动力汽车动力系统匹配与控制策略研究

外充电式混合动力汽车是电动汽车较好的技术路线,也是当前研究的热点。构建了一辆前轮发动机驱动、后轮电动机驱动的外充电式四驱混合动力汽车模型,进行了电机、电池和发动机参数设计,设计了发动机最优工作曲线能量控制策略和电能消耗型能量控制策略,并用Matlab和AVL Cruise软件对其进行了性能联合仿真。结果表明,所构建汽车模型可行,匹配动力系统参数设计达到预期目标,电能消耗型能量控制策略更有利于提高经济性。动力系统结构和能量控制策略易于产业化,可为样车开发提供借鉴。     

换挡过程中发动机转矩控制的研究

根据发动机平均值模型,将节气门开度和点火角作为输入量,充分利用了节气门调节范围大、但响应速度慢,而点火角响应速度快、但调节范围有限的特点,结合控制量分配技术,提出了一种换挡过程的发动机转矩调节策略.在Matlab/Simulink环境下对控制器进行了仿真验证,结果表明,所提出的换挡过程发动机转矩控制策略能有效抑制输出轴的转矩波动,提高换挡舒适性.     

混合动力轿车仿真研究

应用Cruise建立了混合动力轿车整车模型,并进行仿真计算。在NEDC循环工况下进行了燃油经济性试验,对比仿真与试验的过程参数如车速、发动机转速、档位等信号物理量值及其变化趋势,优化仿真模型,最终仿真计算得到可靠的油耗和动力性能结果。研究中将整车模型结合Matlab/Simulink建立的控制策略模型实现联合仿真,并对控制策略进行优化,对控制参数进行标定,从而得到合适的混合动力轿车的油耗和动力性能。在SGM18BAS混合动力轿车的研发中,仿真计算在动力系统结构、部件性能指标和参数匹配方面,在混合动力控制策略研究开发方面都将发挥重要作用。     

并联混合动力汽车从纯电动驱动到发动机驱动的协调切换控制

从纯电动切换到发动机驱动,是并联混合动力汽车的状态切换模式之一.在切换过程中,为保持整车动力性能的平稳性和舒适性,必须对电机和发动机进行协调控制.以状态切换过程中总转矩不发生大的波动为控制目标,提出“发动机调速+发动机/电机转矩优化分配”协调切换控制策略.建立并联混合动力汽车传动系统整车动力学模型,应用极大值原理,将二次型最优控制算法运用到控制策略中,并建立以车辆行驶平顺性为目标的泛函,设计了状态切换控制器.仿真结果表明,在动力切换过程中,该切换控制算法能有效控制混合动力系统在状态切换过程中的转矩波动,保证动力传递的平稳性.     

单电机强混合动力电动车辆的动态协调控制

为减小或消除单电机式强混合动力电动车辆在纯电动模式与发动机驱动模式间切换时产生的动力系统冲击,提出了发动机起动过程的转矩协调控制策略和发动机退出过程的转矩补偿控制策略.转矩协调控制策略包括起动模式下的发动机起动阻力转矩补偿控制和调节模式下的发动机过冲转矩平衡控制,转矩补偿控制策略利用电机补偿发动机退出过程中动力系统转矩的变化.台架和实车试验结果表明了该动态协调控制策略可确保发动机的快速平稳起动和发动机退出时不产生动力系统冲击.     

混合动力汽车汽油机电子节气门模糊智能PID控制

应用英飞凌新一代车用嵌入式控制芯片XC164,开发了基于模糊智能积分PID复合控制算法的混合动力汽车汽油机电子节气门控制系统,为混合动力汽车主控制器和发动机控制之间提供了控制接口。通过对混合动力轿车进行的实际行驶中频繁急加速、急减速过程中电子节气门目标开度和实际控制开度的对比试验,验证了电子节气门控制响应速度快、稳态误差小及控制系统软硬件设计满足混合动力总成对发动机控制的要求。     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

Development of fuel cell hybrid powertrain research platform based on dynamic testbed

An experimental research platform based on a dynamic testbed is developed and applied for fuel cell hybrid powertrain integration and control. A driver brake model is added to the dynamic testbed to simulate the braking process of an electric vehicle. Sub-systems of the fuel cell hybrid powertrain are tested, and characteristic parameters are obtained. A simulation platform is constructed in LabVIEW environment, and its validity is verified by dynamic test results. A real time control system is developed with an embedded PC for the function of rapid control prototyping. Using this platform, fuel cell battery hybrid and fuel cell supercapacitor hybrid configurations are investigated. This platform provides a powerful tool for fuel cell powertrain research and development.     

Fuzzy energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle based on driving cycle recognition

By considering the effect of the driving cycle on the energy management strategy (EMS), a fuzzy EMS based on driving cycle recognition is proposed to improve the fuel economy of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle. The EMS is composed of driving cycle recognition and a fuzzy torque distribution controller. The current driving cycle is recognized by learning vector quantization in driving cycle recognition. The torque of the engine and the motor is controlled by a fuzzy torque distribution controller based on the required torque of the hybrid powertrain and the battery state of charge. The membership functions and rules of the fuzzy torque distribution controller are optimized simultaneously by using particle swarm optimization. Based on the identification results of driving cycle recognition, the fuzzy torque distribution controller selects the corresponding membership function and rule to control the hybrid powertrain. The simulation research based on ADVISOR demonstrates that this EMS improves fuel economy more effectively than fuzzy EMS without driving cycle recognition.     

Engine-CVT-A/F consolidated control using decoupling control theory

If an engine with an electric throttle valve control and CVT is fitted to the powertrain, fuel consumption becomes economical while the throttle valve angle and the gear ratio of CVT are controlled simultaneously. If the engine is operated with a lean air-fuel ratio (A/F), it is also effective for fuel economy. Therefore, combining A/F control with the simultaneous control of the throttle valve angle and the gear ratio becomes a more important method for controlling the powertrain of a car. Though these input-output relations were complicated, an adequate and convenient control method was required for the synthetic powertrain control. From such a point of view, Engine-CVT-A/F consolidated control using decoupling control theory was investigated.     

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and experiment validation of a parallel hybrid electric bus with an automatic manual transmission (AMT) and a dry clutch. The mathematical model representation and the system architecture of the powertrain are first described. Next, a complete control scheme including energy management strategy and coordinated control of the AMT and the clutch is presented. The controller and powertrain models are then integrated in a way that the power management and the hybrid driveline perform in real world. The analysis and validation through model simulation and comparison with experiment data are conducted. A good agreement between the model and experiment demonstrates the efficacy and credibility of the integrated model. The integrated model is employed in both simulation and bench-test assessments for the development of a hybrid control unit. The results indicate that the model-based design methodology is beneficial to systematically analyzing and understanding the dynamics of hybrid electric powertrain.     

新型混合动力汽车动力切换动态过程分析

为对基于行星齿轮机构的新型混合动力系统由纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动进行研究,建立了新型混合动力传动系统的动力学模型,对动力切换过程进行了分析.提出了该过程的转矩协调控制策略,并通过仿真和台架试验进行了验证.结果表明,该转矩协调控制策略能有效减小纯电动驱动切换至发动机驱动过程中的转矩波动和对整车的冲击.     

Motor control of input-split hybrid electric vehicles

A motor control strategy for an input-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. From a power characteristic analysis, it is found that the powertrain efficiency decreases for speed ratios at which power circulation occurs. Using dynamic models of an input-split HEV powertrain, a motor-generator control algorithm for obtaining high system efficiency is designed by inversion-based control. The performance of the control algorithm is evaluated by the simulator which is developed based on PSAT, and simulation results are compared with the test results. It is found that, even if the engine thermal efficiency is sacrificed by moving the engine operation point from the OOL for the control strategy, improved overall powertrain system efficiency can be achieved by the engine operation that gives a relatively high efficiency from the viewpoint of the overall powertrain efficiency. The control algorithm developed can be used in design of future electric vehicles.     

四轮驱动混合动力汽车动力系统设计

根据混合动力系统零部件选型设计原则和整车在运行条件下的功率、扭矩需求,确定了动力系统的发动机、SSG、轮毂电机和蓄电池的性能参数,并进行了优化匹配、建模仿真和道路试验。结果表明,所设计的混合动力系统可满足整车的性能要求,所述方法和所得结果为混合动力系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

基于补偿滑模控制的混合动力汽车协调控制

由于行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车的结构优势,双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车已经成为各机构的研究重点。由纯电动模式到混合驱动模式切换的过程中存在发动机起动和发动机转矩引入,而发动机转矩瞬态响应存在迟滞,导致切换过程中动力系统的输出转矩会有较大波动。为减小波动,降低模式切换过程中的动态冲击度,本文中提出补偿滑模控制方法,对双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车模式切换进行协调控制。首先,建立整车动力学模型,对切换过程每个模式进行分析;之后,针对发动机拖转阶段和混合驱动阶段分别采用补偿控制和基于固定边界层的自适应滑模控制,并对滑模控制进行稳定性分析;最后,结合Matlab/Simulink软件平台进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,补偿滑模协调控制策略能够有效地减小从纯电动到混合驱动模式切换过程中的转矩波动和冲击度。     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.