超大型船舶锚泊操纵基本方法分析

随着我国航运事业的发展,超大型船舶的发展趋势也越来越快,在对超大型船舶锚泊操纵中,这与普通万吨级的船舶也存在一定的区别,因此超大型船舶在实际操纵中操作人员一定要全面了解其的特点,并且只有熟悉以及掌握超大型船舶的操纵特性,才可以确保操纵的安全。以下本篇结合相关实例,分析超大型船舶锚泊操纵的基本方法。     

谈谈如何做好超大型船舶管理

超大型船舶的管理需要转变传统的对普通船型的管理观念,如何对超大型船推进精细化管理,以及进行精细化管理的重要性,本文试论对超大型船舶管理的理念和方式,以适应超大型船舶的安全和效益管理工作。     

渤海海域深水航路通航安全保障研究

根据渤海海域老铁山~仙人岛深水航路的通航条件和自然环境特点,选取具有代表性的超大型船舶,从航路宽度、水深等方面分析超大型船舶与深水航路的适应性,并结合船舶操纵模拟实验分析航路存在的风险,提出超大型船舶在深水航路航行的自然限制条件,为超大型船舶在该深水航路内的安全航行提供参考。     

超大型船舶安全航速建模研究

针对超大型船舶的通航特性,对超大型船舶的安全航速确定标准开展研究。纵向：为确保船舶维持有效舵效且不至于因船速过快导致交通流拥堵,基于船舶交通流观测统计结果确定船舶安全航速范围;横向：基于船舶漂移运动数学模型和船舶操纵性丁指数回归模型,建立超大型船舶最小安全航速限定模型;垂向：基于富裕水深确定原则和船舶蹲底回归公式,建立超大型船舶最大安全航速限定模型。以VLCC和Bulk Carrier为代表船型,综合横向、纵向和垂向安全航速限定要求,确定了不同风级、不同流速、不同船型情况下的渤海海域超大型船舶安全航速标准。     

集装箱船舶大型化的限制因素

1 集装箱船舶超大型化趋势 国际航运业对超大型集装箱船舶的需求呈昂扬的发展态势,基于对其诱人的低成本和高效益的期待,超大型集装箱船舶的订造从未间断,造船规模不断提升.从理论上讲,单船运力超过8 000 TEU的超大型集装箱船舶带来的最大好处是每一个航次的集装箱运量高,挂靠的港口次数减少,平均每一只集装箱的成本费用,比单船5 000～6 000 TEU的集装箱船舶低大约10%至 12%;比单船运力4 000 TEU集装箱船舶低30%,从而提高集装箱船舶经营人的经济效益.但是,得出这一结论的前提是超大型集装箱船舶必须满箱满载.否则,超大型集装箱船舶的所谓优势就不复存在.从经营实际来看,集装箱船舶超大型化的趋势也是不可逆转的潮流,通过下面几组数据亦可看出.     

超大型FPSO浮船坞内对接合拢建造技术

针对船舶企业资源条件对建造超大型船舶整体建造的限制,以及对船舶建造资源的合理化使用,提出超大型主船体分两段建造后在浮船坞内合拢完成的方法。通过对超大型船舶艏艉两段在坞内合拢技术的研究与实施,结果表明,超大型船舶分为两段建造再进行对接合拢的方法的应用改变了船舶建造方式,降低资源对船舶建造的限制且能提高船坞资源的利用率。     

基于船舶操纵模拟器的超大型集装箱船在风影响下的停船性能研究

由于集装箱船舶具有运输效率高、货物种类包容性强以及便于开展多式联运等优势,近些年数量不断增长,且大型化发展迅速,超大型集装箱船舶已经逐渐成为承担全球运输的主角。其航行安全问题也越来越受到人们的关注,超大型集装箱船舶由于具有较大的受风面积,且旋回性不佳,紧急停船是其有效的应急手段,为了探究风对超大型集装箱船舶停船性能的影响,本研究基于船舶操纵模拟器,开展了系列仿真研究,得出了超大型集装箱船舶停船性能相关参数在不同风况下的变化规律,本研究可为超大型集装箱船舶的安全操纵提供技术支持。     

谈天津港超大型船舶通航安全管理

随着天津港的建设发展，进出天津港的超大型船舶逐年增多，超大型船舶进出港航行安全问题也日渐突出。文章介绍了天津VTS加强超大型船舶航行安全管理的经验做法并提出了相关建议。     

超大型船舶操作特点与航行注意事项

超大型船舶由于其运价低,竞争力强,优先为各大港青睐,已成为衡量一个港口竞争力的一个重要指标。通过分析超大型船舶操作性能与航行特点,提出超大型船舶航行的安全注意事项与建议。     

超大型船舶受限水域航行风险评价

鉴于超大型船舶在受限水域航行风险评价不确定性的特点,运用证据理论建立了超大型船舶受限水域航行的风险评价指标体系和风险评价模型,并将其运用在RAMBLER CHANNEL评价中,运用大型船舶操纵模拟器进行了超大型船舶在RAMBLER CHANNEL模拟航行操纵试验,结果表明评价模型具有实用价值。     

燃气轮机对超大型集装箱船装载性能的影响

讨论超大型集装箱船应用燃气轮机动力系统方案,对其装载性能进行预估及计算,并同常规船型进行了对比研究,并初步分析了方案装载性能的优缺点 。燃气轮机布置灵活性、绿色环保,能够显著增加船舶集装箱箱位数,带来运营成本上的收益。随着其技术的不断成熟和人们对船用燃气轮机了解的深入,超大型集装箱船应用燃气轮机动力系统或将成为未来的一种趋势。     

“天一”号起重船电力推进系统

论述了变频调速电力推进系统在超大型起重船上应用的优越性及具体方案。包括系统配置、变频谐波控制及监控系统。     

New insight into the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects of ultra-large container ships based on experiments

Accurate estimation of the wave-induced extreme hogging vertical bending moment (VBM) is of vital importance for the design of container ships because container ships are normally under hogging conditions in still water. According to the empirical formulas proposed by the classification society rules, the design hogging VBM can be approximately 20 % smaller than the design sagging VBM for vessels with small block coefficients. High-order harmonic components in the vertical load effects, which are induced by the nonlinearities in the hydrodynamic forces and ship hull geometry, contribute to the asymmetry. Previous studies have shown that the nonlinear hydrostatic and Froude–Krylov forces increase the sagging VBM significantly. Current numerical tools are able to reveal this asymmetry to a certain extent. There is, however, little focus on the nonlinear pressure under the bow bottom, which is a more likely contributor to the hogging VBM. Several unexpected phenomena have been observed for large container ships. The wave-frequency sagging and hogging VBMs followed each other closely, and hence did not reflect the significant nonlinear factors as expected. In this paper, the test data of two (8600-TEU and 13000-TEU) ultra-large containership models in both regular and irregular head waves are systematically studied. In regular waves, the influence of the second and third harmonics on the fundamental hogging peaks and sagging troughs is estimated by comparing both the amplitude and phase difference relative to the first harmonic peaks. In irregular waves, the focus is on the statistical characteristics of the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects. To achieve a balance between results in regular and irregular waves, the influence of the second harmonics is evaluated through bispectral analysis.     

Fully coupled BEM-FEM analysis for ship hydroelasticity in waves

This paper considers the problem of ship hydroelasticity, which is an important technical issue in the design of ultra-large vessels. For the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems, a partitioned method is applied. The fluid domain surrounding a flexible body is solved using a B-spline Rankine panel method, and the structural domain is handled with a three-dimensional finite element method. The two distinct methods are fully coupled in the time domain by using an implicit iterative scheme. The numerical results of natural frequency and the motion responses of simple and segmented barges are computed to validate the present method through comparisons with experimental and numerical results. This study extends to the application to two real ships, 6500 TEU and 10,000 TEU containerships, for more validation and also observation on the practicality of the present method. Based on this study, it is found that the present method provides reliable solutions to linear ship hydroelasticity problems.     

Investigation of springing in ship structures using experimental methods and 3-D hydroelastic theory

Large and long ships experience springing behavior. Depending on the trade routes and design of such ocean-going ships, wave-induced vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the wave-induced vibrations in an ultra-large ore carrier under fully loaded and ballast conditions. The experimental measurements from tests performed using a flexible model of the ship were compared with the numerical predictions from 3-D hydro-elastic theory (THAFTS) (Wu, Hydroelasticity of floating bodies. PH.D thesis, Brunel University, 1984). The measurements showed multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency that occurred only in ballast conditions, whereas the springing vibrations were more apparent with forward speed under ballast conditions in both regular and irregular waves. The numerical method predicted the vertical bending moment quite well in the fully loaded condition but underestimated it in the ballast condition. This result was primarily due to an inability to capture the prediction of the multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency. Using THAFTS, a new ship form with a deep draft was introduced, and this vessel was shown to reduce springing vibrations.     

船舶交流电站安全运行与故障分析

随着航海运输业的快速发展,船舶的安全航行显得非常重要。本文阐述了船舶安全航行和船舶电站的安全运行的关系。重点阐述了确保船舶电站的安全运行有关知识和故障分析。     

关键航段江海直达船舶驾驶技术探讨与研究

通过对江海直达船舶的操纵性分析,从过弯曲河段航法、过桥航法、入海河口的航法三方面对关键航段江海直达船舶驾驶技术进行了探讨与研究。     

The choices of employing seafarers for the national shipowners in Taiwan: an empirical study

This paper focuses on the binary choice behavior of employing seafarers for the Taiwanese' national shipowners and embraces the empirical investigation based on the Binary Logit Model. First, three groups of important factors have been identified having a bearing on the national shipowners' hiring preferences: crew cost, competence and efficiency (including knowledge, skills, communication, physical and psychological attitude and conditions), as well as quality standard system complying with STCW95. Then, an empirical analysis, based on a Binary Logit Model about the national shipowners' choosing seafarers, is conducted to demonstrate the conceptual framework developed in this paper. The results show that the hiring decision is significantly affected by the crew cost. The national shipowners also consider several other factors when hiring officers and ratings. In addition, there are significant differences in hiring preference between the sailing international services and operating the liner ships. In the future, when the Measure shall be amended, the national shipowners will change their behavior to re-choose the foreign seafarers.     

关键航段江海直达船舶驾驶技术探讨

此文通过对江海直达船舶的操纵性分析,从过弯曲河段航法、过桥航法、入海河口的航法三方面对关键航段江海直达船舶驾驶技术进行了探讨。     

船舶在狭窄水域下水应对措施

滩涂造船因投资少、见效快,发展速度较快,但存在着较大的安全隐患。如在船舶下水过程中缺少科学知识,措施不力,极易造成船舶下水事故。针对这一情况,本文对下水过程运动状况、特点作了分析,只要利用有用力,控制不利力,才能避免船舶下水事故的发生。