车辆振动瞬态分析及动荷载

以装有平衡悬架和全悬浮驾驶室的三轴载重车为研究对象,建立受多点位移激励的多自由度车辆振动模型. 采用数值模拟方法生成路面的随机激励时域函数,对车辆振动系统进行瞬态分析,求得车辆动荷载的最大瞬时值并与采用功率谱分析得到的结果进行比较.     

车桥耦合振动的桥面非平稳随机激励模拟

为研究桥面非平稳随机激励对车桥耦合系统的影响,采用滤波白噪声法生成单轮桥面非平稳随机激励时域模型,结合车辆前后轮的时间滞后和左右轮的相干关系,生成车辆六轮相关的桥面非平稳随机激励样本并验证了样本的有效性。分析一座3×30 m连续T梁桥和一辆三轴重载汽车在非平稳桥面激励下的车桥耦合振动响应,现场实测桥面不平度,并采用传统蒙特卡罗法对车辆和桥梁的振动响应进行计算。研究结果表明:根据车辆六轮间的时间滞后关系和相干函数关系所建立的桥面非平稳随机激励模型满足目标相干函数和功率谱密度,且时间滞后关系明确,模型有效可靠;当车辆加速行驶时,因桥面不平顺引起的非平稳随机激励信号的幅值随速度的增大而增大,非平稳激励下的桥梁和车辆振动响应大于平稳激励所产生的振动响应;非平稳激励对桥梁振动响应的均值影响很小,但对车辆振动响应均值影响较大,车辆振动对桥面随机激励更敏感;非平稳激励对车辆和桥梁振动响应标准差的影响较大,且振动响应标准差随着车辆加速度的提高而增大;研究车桥耦合振动很有必要考虑车辆非匀速行驶而引起的桥面非平稳随机激励,建议车辆匀速通过桥梁,尽量避免在桥上加速行驶。     

车辆动力荷载分析

采用模态迭加法对复杂结构在多支座随机位移激励下的振动进行随机振动分析,以载重货车为计算对象,求得在不同车速和工况下车辆荷载的均方根值和超载概率,讨论动荷载的概率特征.     

车辆动力荷载分析

采用模态迭加法对复杂结构在多支座随机位移激励下的振动进行随机振动分析，以载重货车为计算对象，求得在不同车速和工况下车辆荷载的均方根值和超载概率，讨论动荷载的概率特征。     

离合器自激振动的起步颤振作用机理分析

对于某型乘用车的整车试验,分析造成手动挡小客车起步时颤振的原因,以及车辆动力总成阻尼系数和车辆颤振敏感度对于车辆起步颤振的影响。得出的结论是对于这辆车,离合器的自激励振动是车辆起步颤振的主要原因。对离合器的结合过程建模,阐述离合器结合过程中自激励振动产生的原因和产生的条件,得出离合器结合过程中摩擦系数的变化直接影响到阻尼系数的变化,出现负阻尼系数是离合器结合过程中自激励振动出现的条件,并对由于离合器自激励产生的车辆起步颤振提出初步的解决方法。     

虚拟激励法人-车-路三质量车辆模型平顺性分析

为评价汽车平顺性,建立简化的人体-座椅、车身及车轮三质量1／4车辆模型,给出了该模型振动系统的频响特性公式,采用虚拟激励法,构造虚拟路面激励,运用matlab编程求取所建模型系统振动响应量的功率谱密度,并进行了行驶平顺性分析。结果表明,汽车行驶速度与道路路面条件是影响汽车行驶平顺性主要外在因素,为获得良好的汽车行驶平顺性,应加以改善;虚拟激励法用于求解车辆振动响应,快速高效,能很好地反映汽车行驶的平顺性,提高汽车平顺性设计水平与效率。     

多片梁组成的简支梁桥车桥耦合振动响应研究

根据多片梁组成的装配式简支梁桥的特点,横向梁之间采用铰接,车辆模拟为九自由度整车模型,桥面不平顺激励采用三角级数叠加法模拟,建立了该类桥梁的车桥耦合振动响应分析模型,结合模态叠加法和Newmark逐步积分法求解系统方程,研究了移动车辆荷载作用下多片简支梁桥的振动响应及冲击系数.以某一实际工程桥梁为背景,分析了该桥在单车荷载作用时,不同行车速度、不同路面等级以及不同横向作用位置下的振动响应及冲击系数;研究了车辆自振频率的变化对桥梁振动响应的影响.研究结果表明,边梁冲击系数比中梁大,路面等级是影响汽车活载冲击系数大小的重要因素.     

路面-电磁双激励下电动轮汽车行驶平顺性分析

为研究电动轮车辆系统在路面-电磁双重激励下的振动特性，明确轮毂电机电磁激励对车辆行驶平顺性的影响规律，建立了基于刚性连接结构的轮毂驱动式电动汽车1/4的2-DOF垂向振动动力学模型；考虑路面激励的随机性以及电磁激励的分段周期性，得到了含随机性和周期性的复杂外激励模型；采用时域分析法，得到复杂外激励下电动轮车辆平顺性评价指标即车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷时间历程图，并分析了电磁激励对电动轮汽车平顺性的作用规律。结果表明：轮毂电机电磁激励对各指标的影响程度依次为车身加速度>轮胎动载荷>悬架动挠度；在加速行驶工况下，速度越快电机激励振动冲击越大，对车辆的行驶平顺性和舒适性越为不利。     

三维随机激励作用下斜拉索参数振动的有限元分析

为了解风荷载和车辆荷载作用下斜拉索的位移响应,以某双塔斜拉桥为例,建立斜拉索的有限元模型,采用时域抖振分析和车-桥耦合振动分析方法,得到风荷载和车辆荷载作用下斜拉索的索端位移激励,对斜拉索参数振动进行分析,分别讨论了不同方向索端位移激励下斜拉索的位移响应,并分析了风速及车速的影响。结果表明:风荷载引起的随机位移激励作用下,斜拉索的位移响应随风速的增加逐渐增大,但较正弦激励作用下的响应小;车辆荷载引起的随机位移激励对斜拉索中点的位移响应影响很小;顺桥向的随机位移激励对斜拉索的垂向位移响应影响较大,横桥向的随机位移激励对其影响较小。     

行驶车辆振动信号的小波分析

本文介绍了小波分析的理论方法，并上小波分析方法应用到了行驶车辆振动的分析中，即：通过二进离散小波变换，把实际振动信号进行多层小波分解，使异常信号和非平稳高频信号得到良好的时间定位和图形显示，并把信号的路面激励与本体振动分离开来。     

悬挂型暂态饱和边坡稳定性分析方法研究（双语出版）

针对降雨入渗引起的暂态饱和边坡稳定性问题,考虑暂态饱和边坡重度变化、基质吸力以及暂态水压力的影响,分析了降雨入渗条件下暂态饱和边坡失稳机制,揭示了暂态水压力分布规律,并阐述了相应的暂态水压力数学计算方法。依据边坡滑动面是、否位于悬挂暂态饱和区内2种分布条件,提出了考虑暂态水压力、基质吸力及重度变化的Janbu极限平衡分析方法,并编写了可自动搜索圆弧形和折线形滑面的暂态饱和边坡稳定性计算程序。通过算例深入研究了悬挂型暂态饱和边坡安全稳定性的变化规律以及滑移机制。研究结果表明：降雨前期,由于暂态饱和区厚度较小,边坡基质吸力作用对边坡稳定性影响占主导作用;持续降雨引起暂态饱和区厚度增加条件下,边坡内暂态水压力逐渐转化为边坡失稳的主控因素,边坡安全系数持续下降;相同计算条件下,随着暂态饱和区厚度的增加,折线形滑动面的安全系数始终小于圆弧形滑动面的安全系数;折线形最危险滑动面的深度随暂态饱和区厚度的增加呈减小趋势,但普遍浅于圆弧形滑动面。圆弧形滑动面的深度呈现先减少后增加的趋势,深入研究发现此现象与边坡底部暂态水压力及边坡的抗剪强度参数密切相关。悬挂型暂态饱和边坡更容易产生浅层折线形滑动破坏。     

Numerical investigation on the dynamic characteristics of an automotive A/C hose

The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic deformation characteristics of an automotive A/C hose assembly using the finite element method and experimentation. The finite element analysis consisted of two analyses, specifically, a modal and a transient analysis. The dynamic modal analysis was conducted to assess the dynamic characteristics of the A/C hose structure, and the dynamic transient analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic stresses of an automotive A/C hose by dynamic loading with particular emphasis on the reinforced braid. Furthermore, the analyses results are expected to provide useful reference data in the design optimization of the hose layout related to the constrained design space. Modal testing was undertaken to verify the FE model. The FE result was in good agreement with the experimental results. The modal analysis result showed that the bending and swing modes of the hose occurred in the first six natural frequencies. The dynamic transient result showed that the maximum stress in the hose components occurred in the reinforced braid layers, which are particularly damage-prone.     

Transient Response Test Procedures for Measuring Vehicle Directional Control

A comparative study of four different test procedures for quantifying the transient lateral response of automobiles is presented in this paper. Both full-scale testing and analysis have been used in this study. The random steering technique appears to offer several advantages over other procedures in terms of space-requirement and the amount of transient dynamics information generated, whereas the step-steering procedure is more suited to the measurement of steady-state behavior of the automobile.     

基于 GT-Crank 仿真的柴油机气缸磨损时瞬时转速分析

利用 GT‐Crank 软件对柴油机曲轴瞬时转速进行仿真分析计算,研究了正常状态、单缸磨损、多个相邻缸磨损和多个非邻缸磨损状态下瞬时转速的变化规律,提取了状态特征参数,并分析了气缸磨损对其他缸的影响,为深入研究瞬时转速在柴油机状态检测诊断中的应用提供了理论依据。     

基于信息融合的汽油机过渡工况进气流量预测方法

在分析汽油机过渡工况下各种影响进气流量因素的基础上,提出了一种基于信息融合的进气流量预测方法。通过该方法提取了汽油机过渡工况的动态特征参数信息,建立了进气流量神经网络预测模型,并以车用汽油机加、减速工况实测数据为样本进行了仿真研究,结果表明,该方法能够准确地实时预测汽油机过渡工况的进气流量,同时能够消除空气流量传感器的滞后特性。     

Transient Response Test Procedures for Measuring Vehicle Directional Control

SUMMARY

A comparative study of four different test procedures for quantifying the transient lateral response of automobiles is presented in this paper. Both full-scale testing and analysis have been used in this study. The random steering technique appears to offer several advantages over other procedures in terms of space-requirement and the amount of transient dynamics information generated, whereas the step-steering procedure is more suited to the measurement of steady-state behavior of the automobile.     

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train–track interaction and inelastic deformations

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle–track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel–rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang–Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel–rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel–rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel–rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.