基于拓扑优化的纯电动大客车车身骨架轻量化多目标优化设计

为了在满足性能要求的前提下有效降低纯电动大客车车身骨架结构质量,减少客车行驶阻力,节省电耗、提高续航里程,进而提升整车的性能品质和市场竞争力,对客车车身骨架进行了轻量化多目标优化设计。建立了某纯电动大客车车身骨架结构的有限元模型,以客车车身骨架总柔度最小为目标,设计区域的体积为约束条件,设计区域各单元的相对密度作为设计变量,对车身结构的车顶骨架、车底骨架和左右侧围骨架进行了拓扑优化设计,并根据拓扑优化结果提取出了大客车车身骨架的拓扑结构。通过相对灵敏度分析,从21个设计变量中确定出13个对车身骨架性能不敏感但对减重较敏感的设计变量,然后以车身骨架质量M最小、一阶扭转频率Ft和弯曲频率Fb最大作为目标,以弯曲和扭转工况下车身骨架结构的静柔度Cb和Ct小于给定值作为约束条件,以相对灵敏度分析确定出的13个壁厚参数作为设计变量,用尺寸优化方法和多目标遗传算法(MOGA)对大客车车身骨架结构进行了轻量化优化设计,并在4种典型工况下对优化前后的大客车车身骨架结构的静、动态性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:所建立的纯电动大客车车身骨架拓扑优化方法、相对灵敏度分析方法与轻量化多目标优化设计方法有效,在满足大客车车身骨架结构性能要求的前提下,实现减重303kg,减重率为11%,轻量化效果显著。     

大客车车身骨架轻量化改进设计

本文通过对大客车车身的有限元分析，获得车身强度分布状况，在此基础上进行车身骨架的轻量化改进设计。针对ANSYS交互界面好的特点，本文采用正交法和交互调整相结合的方法来进行计算。对一些强度、刚度影响小的构件，直接进行改进，而一些重要构件则安排正交计算，进行了不同工况水平下的多次计算，从中寻求轻量化设计方案。计算结果表明，这种方法切实可行，具有明显效果，同时对大客车的车身骨架也提出了一个切实可行的轻量化改进方案。     

大客车车身骨架轻量化改进设计分析

文章分析大客车车身骨架静态结构和模态,从有限元模型中探讨客车全承载式车身骨架。在保证车身的刚度和强度下,建立强量化钢铝一体的称身结构。根据轻量化目标对铝合金材料尺寸界面进行计算,与钢铝一体化车身设计进行比较,同时比较原车身骨架动态、静态和质量性能。实验结果表明,研究的轻量化设计与之前相比效果比较好。     

12m大客车侧面碰撞安全性分析

建立了被撞大客车车身骨架、撞击大客车车身骨架和撞击货车有限元模型，运用ANSYS／LS—DYNA软件，分别模拟了撞击大客车与被撞大客车和撞击货车与被撞大客车侧面碰撞．并从侧面碰撞位置、骨架结构变形、乘员生存空间、碰撞速度和加速度方面分析了被撞大客车侧面碰撞安全性。     

大客车车身骨架局部应力集中的二次细化分析

研究了用有限元二次细化方法分析大客车车身骨架的局部应力集中问题，介绍了二次细化的基本思想和原理，给出了大客车车身骨架局部应力集中分析的实现过程，并针对某大型客车车身骨架早期失效问题对骨架的局部应力集中进行了二次细化分析，     

大客车CAE分析及轻量化设计

通过有限元分析方法,对12m大客车进行了多工况下的刚度及强度分析;并通过灵敏度分析,对车身骨架进行了优化设计;同时,也呈现了一套通过数值模拟方法对大客车轻量化进行设计的方案,此方案对于客车优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

大客车车身骨架有限元建模方法分析

介绍了大客车车身整体骨架的三种有限元计算模型，较全面地分析了这一种模型的特点和适应性，最后给出了一个采用全板壳单元模型计算大客车车身骨架的实例。     

大客车车身骨架侧面碰撞模拟分析

阐述了汽车碰撞有限元法和接触碰撞系统,模拟了大客车与大客车侧面碰撞,并从骨架结构变形、乘员生存空间、碰撞能量、碰撞速度和加速度方面详细分析了撞击和被撞大客车车身骨架碰撞安全性,提出了提高大客车车身骨架耐撞性的方法.     

大客车车身整体骨架的拓扑优化设计

介绍了客车车身整体骨架拓扑优化原理及方法，针对典型大客车建立了整体骨架的拓扑优化模型，并进行了拓扑优化计算，在保证整体骨架强度刚度的前提下，使其质量显著降低，取得了较好的拓扑优化设计效果。     

大客车车身蒙皮及骨架的修复

本文详细阐述了大客车车身外蒙皮的局部修理、大客车车身外蒙皮撞击凹凸性损伤的修理和客车车身骨架的检验方法;介绍了张拉蒙皮工艺、外蒙皮的连接修理以及客车车身骨架的检验和车身漏水的检修方法,供同行参考。     

某型大客车车身骨架轻量化设计

通过建立车身骨架有限元模型并结合截面尺寸设计计算公式,提出按客车总成建模、按内力调整截面尺寸的车身骨架设计综合方法,进行车身骨架轻量化的设计。     

Optimization of bus rollover strength by consideration of the energy absorption ability

Buses are an integral part of the national transportation system of each country. A rollover event is one of the most important hazards that concerns the safety of the passengers and the crew in a bus. In the past, it was observed after the accident that the deforming superstructure seriously threatens the lives of the passengers. Thus, the stiffness of the bus frame is the first thing that needs to be considered. The unfortunate side of strengthening the bus superstructure is that it usually causes the bus weight to increase. This paper presents an efficient and robust analysis method with which to design the bus superstructure for a reduction in occupant injuries from rollover accidents while the weight of the strengthened bus is maintained at the same level. First, the absorbed energy of the bus frame and its components during a rollover were investigated by using a LS-DYNA numerical study. The highest energy absorption region, which is the side section of the bus frame, was found and focused on for the investigation of a means to re-distribute the energy-absorption ability of the side frame component. Then the thickness parameters that were obtained from the re-distribution of the energy-absorption ability were used in the analysis to optimize the design. Finally, a prototype of the bus with a reasonable thickness for the window pillars and the side wall bars, which was based on the optimized parameters, was verified to ensure it satisfied ECE R66. In this paper, an effective usage of materials and an efficient and robust analysis method were presented to design the bus superstructure. Although the optimization process for increasing the stiffness is simple, this study improves the upper displacement by 39.9% and the lower displacement by 49.3% (versus the bus survivor space) while maintaining the bus weight at the existing level.     

客车车身骨架结构优化设计与先进技术应用

详细分析现有客车车身结构设计中存在的问题,提出客车车身结构设计应遵循的原则,并阐述有限元技术、拓扑优化技术在客车车身结构优化设计中的应用。     

空调客车围护结构隔热设计方案比较研究

利用数值分析的方法，分析了空调客车非稳态情况下四种结构车厢体的二维温度场分布，计算了车厢体的二维传热损失和热桥附加传热损失。在骨架和内衬之间加一层隔热组织改善了车的隔热特性，为客车围护结构隔热优化提供了依据。     

客车结构减重设计探索

车身与车架的连接是汽车设计的一个重要部分,连接的强度和刚度对整车的结构强度和刚度非常重要,合理地处理好相互之间的连接,不仅减轻重量,还能降低成本。     

Development of a fiber-reinforced plastic armrest frame for weight-reduced automobiles

This paper presents the design optimization process of a short fiber-reinforced plastic armrest frame to minimize its weight by replacing the steel frame with a plastic frame. The analysis was carried out with the equivalent mechanical model and design of experiment (DOE) method. Instead of considering the whole structure, it is divided into three simpler regions to reduce the complexity of the problem through examining its structural characteristics and load conditions. The maximum stress and deflection of the regions that carry the normal load are calculated by the analytical mathematical form derived from an equivalent model. The other regions loaded by contact stress are handled by FEM (finite element method), the DOE method, and the RSM (response surface model). To optimize the design variables in both cases, the object functions derived from these calculations are solved with a CAE (computer aided engineering) tool. This method clearly shows the mechanical and mathematical representation of structural optimization and reduces the computing costs. After design optimization, the weight of the optimum plastic-based armrest frame is reduced by about 18% compared to the initial design of a plastic frame and is decreased by 50% in comparison with the steel frame. Some prototypical armrest frames were also made by injection molding and tested. The research results fulfilled all of the design requirements.     

客车车身骨架有限元分析

应用有限元法分析客车在弯曲和扭转工况下的车身骨架强度情况;探讨提高车身骨架强度和刚度的方法;为客车车身结构设计提供参考。     

基于ABAQUS的客车车身骨架静态分析与轻量化研究

利用ABAQUS软件建立了某客车车身骨架有限元模型,对该客车实际运行中四种典型工况下的强度和刚度进行了分析,并在此静态分析的基础上对该车身骨架进行了轻量化设计,结果表明：改进后的车身骨架结构强度和刚度满足要求。     

极限组合工况下客车车身骨架刚度和强度分析

建立了板梁单元相结合的客车有限元模型,通过静态电测试验验证了模型的准确性。提出了通过计算极限扭转组合工况来检验客车车身骨架的刚度和强度的新方法,使用该方法达到了验证文中所研究的客车在极其恶劣的路面上行驶时,车身骨架的刚度和强度能满足使用要求的目的,同时这种组合工况方法为客车骨架有限元分析的工况选择方面提供了新的参考。