船体梁极限强度的近似计算

船体梁的总纵强度是反映船舶结构安全可靠的最基本的强度指标。船体结构极限强度评估对于船舶结构初步设计、使用、维护和维修都非常重要，因此船体梁极限强度研究成为近几十年来船舶工程界的热点研究课题之一。到目前为止有两种典型的加筋板和船体梁的极限强度分析方法，它们是直接计算法和逐步破坏分析法。本文基于加筋板单元的平均应力应变曲线和逐步破坏分拆方法，提出了加筋板和船体梁极限强度的简化分析方法，考虑了初始挠度和残余应力对加筋板单元极限强度的影响。数值结果表明，采用本文简化方法得到的结果与有限元计算结果或其它逐步破坏分析结果比较符合。     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

偏心裂纹缺陷板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度分析

疲劳裂纹对船舶结构强度具有不可忽视的削弱作用,在过去的研究中,主要从断裂力学的角度对疲劳裂纹应力场进行分析,而对于静态裂纹板的极限强度的探讨相对较少.本文在有限元计算的基础上对具有偏心裂纹缺陷的矩形板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度进行了分析.对于偏心裂纹应力强度因子,在计算方法上有效地简化了文献[5]中提出的大单元有限元计算模型,并且用于分析裂纹偏心度对于应力强度因子的影响.对于偏心裂纹延性板,采用弹塑性有限元进行了大量的组合计算,分析了相对裂纹长度、材料屈强比和裂纹偏心度对板的拉伸极限强度的影响,并给出了方便计算的回归公式.该回归公式包含了多个参数对板的极限拉伸强度的影响,与实验结果吻合较好.     

破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估

在船体发生破损后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能倾斜。本文首先对破损船体非对称弯曲进行了弹性和塑性分析,在此基础上假设了破损船体发生整体破坏时的剖面应力分布,给出了破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,并采用了比较精细的方法计算加筋板格的屈曲极限强度。以箱型梁模型和超大型油船为例,将本文的计算结果与试验、ＩＳＵＭ法及解析公式的结果进行了比较。基于破损船体极限强度,结合重要性样本法,对６５,００     

焊接变形和应力对甲板板架极限强度的影响

船舶建造过程中,焊接引起的结构变形和应力对船舶结构性能产生影响。以典型船舶甲板板架为例,研究焊接初始缺陷对甲板板架极限强度的影响。采用数值仿真方法模拟甲板板架的焊接过程,获得结构焊接变形和残余应力,对含初始缺陷的板架结构施加轴向压缩载荷,计算板架结构的极限强度,并与理想结构进行比较研究。结果表明,轴向压缩载荷下,甲板板变形过大是引起板架整体失稳的主要因素;焊接变形及残余应力显著地削弱甲板板架极限承载能力,焊接初始缺陷降低甲板板架整体刚度,影响结构失效模式。     

含中心裂纹的有限加筋板应力强度因子理论分析及数值仿真

基于裂纹问题的复变应力函数、Paris位移公式和变分原理,对板材和筋条均含裂纹的加筋板结构的应力强度因子进行了分析求解。对加筋板离散化,忽略受拉时筋、板弯曲的影响,结合Paris位移公式对加筋板中含中心穿透裂纹的板材在单向拉力 和加筋条的剪力作用下的位移进行了计算;应用变分原理对含边裂纹的加筋条结合筋条和板变形协调方程求解筋条对板的节点剪力作用,从而求解了含裂纹加筋板的问题。采用数值仿真方法分析了应力强度因子随板材和加筋条上裂纹扩展的变化规律,研究了加筋条刚度和加筋条间距变化对裂尖处应力强度因子的影响。     

无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较

无加筋板是船舶结构的主要构件之一，船舶结构强度校核的一项重要内容就是校核各平板单元是否具备足够的强度储备。最近几年，作者们采用弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析相结合的简化解析方法，曾给出了板和加筋板格在联合载荷作用下的极限强度计算公式，并与部分实验值相比，吻合较好，但没有与目前船级社所采用的规范计算公式作过比较。现作这一比较工作，也包括与有限元分析的比较；同时对以前所开发的简化解析法又作了进一步的改进，文章报道这一改进结果。最后，采用上述三种方法，对影响平板极限强度的几个主要参数进行了研究，结果表明，简化解析法与规范计算公式吻合较好。     

具有裂纹缺陷的板和加筋板格在联合载荷作用下的剩余极限强度

作者提出了一种更好理性化的基于“第一原理”的船舶结构强度评估系统，该系统要求考虑各种损伤对剩余极限强度的影响。因而更能真实地反映实际的结构极限强度值，计算累积的损伤程度和带损伤后的剩余极限强度是该系统的两项中心内容，本文利用有限元分析手段。主要研究板和加筋板格带裂纹损伤后的剩余极限强度，提出了一个合理的有限元分析模型。通过大量的组合计算，分析了各种参数对极限强度的影响。为了实用起见，本文也提供了相应的回归公式，经验证，这些回归公式是具有足够精度的，可以在实际中使用。     

破损船体的极限强度估算

采用全塑性一全屈曲应力分布和弹塑性应力分布两种模式相结合的分析方法.对破损船体的弯曲极限强度计算进行了公式推导.通过一个实船算例对破损船体的结构极限承载力进行了计算与比较.结果表明,本文解析方法与逐步破坏法结果相近,且具有较好精度,可以用来估算破损船体的剩余极限强度,在破损船体剩余强度计算中具有一定的应用价值.     

点蚀板在纵向压力下的极限强度研究

本文着眼于老龄化船舶结构上的局部点状腐蚀和整体点状腐蚀,利用非线性有限元软件分析了超过100个船体板结构的极限强度。研究了蚀坑形状、蚀坑位置、蚀坑大小、蚀坑深度和板的柔度对含局部点状腐蚀船体板的极限强度的影响,蚀坑分布、板的柔度和腐蚀体积对含点状腐蚀船体板的极限强度的影响。拟合出了单面、双面局部点状腐蚀下的船体板极限强度折减公式,单面、双面点状腐蚀下的船体板极限强度折减公式。并得到同时适用于局部和整体点状腐蚀板极限强度的公式。     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

平板在组合载荷作用下的极限强度预报的一种简化解析法

船体平板强度在船舶结构极限强度分析中起到十分重要的作用。最近几年，一些作者提出了计算平板极限强度的一种简化解析方法。但绝大部分的研究只考虑了平板纵向受压这一种简单载荷的情况。在我们成功地解决了三向组合载荷(纵、横压缩和垂向均布压力)的基础上，在本文中，我们又进一步将此方法推广到包含面内剪力在内的所有组合载荷分量均存在的一般情况。通过与一些规范公式的比较表明，本文所推导的公式是可以比较精确地预报平板在一般组合载荷作用下的极限强度。这一工作一方面可以为规范中的一些经验公式提供理论依据，另一方面也许可以提供比经验公式更好的外插能力。为了简化使用本文的方法，本文也在大量参数系列计算的基础上给出了一个回归的经验公式。     

Computation of ultimate strength of locally corroded unstiffened plates under uniaxial compression

Over the past decades there have been many losses of the merchant vessels due to either accidents or exposure to large environmentally induced forces. The potential for the structural capability-degrading effects of both corrosion and fatigue induced cracks are of profound importance and must be both fully understood and reflected in vessel's inspection and maintenance programme. The present study is focused on assessing the effects of localized pitting corrosion which concentrates at one or several possibly large area on the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. Over 256 nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) of panels with various locations and sizes of pitting corrosion have been carried out. The multi-variable regression method is applied to derive new formulae to predict ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with localized corrosion. The results indicate that the length, breadth and depth of pit corrosion have weakening effects on the ultimate strength of the plates while plate slenderness has only marginal effect on strength reduction. Transverse location of pit corrosion is also an important factor determining the amount of strength reduction. When corrosion spreads transversely on both edges, it has the most deteriorating effect on strength. It was also found out that the proposed formulae can accurately predict the ultimate strength of unstiffened plate with localized corrosion.     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

焊接诱导的残余应力对加劲板轴向极限强度影响的简化模型研究（英文）

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS) Common Structural Rules(CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

An approximate method to generate average stress–strain curve with the effect of residual stresses for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship structures

The average stress–strain curve for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship hull structures is generated on the basis of the existing design formulae. The dual-term equation for ultimate strength of uniaxially compressed plates is employed to generate the average stress–strain curve for long plates. Two alternatives proposed by Faulkner and Frankland, respectively, are considered. An approximate method to take into account the effect of residual stresses is proposed. By investigating the variation of the stress distribution at different stages of compression, the average stress–strain relationship of the rectangular long plates with the effect of residual stresses is derived from equilibrium. The behaviors of the wide plates are also discussed. The assumption proposed by Valsgard for the idealized stress distribution of wide plates under uniaxial compression is adopted. The average stress–strain relationship for wide plates is derived from the existing design formulae. Two equations proposed by Hughes and recommended by API for critical stress of the central portion of the wide plate are considered. The effect of residual stresses is also taken into account for wide plates.