内河船舶防污染面临的问题及对策研究

随着我国东线南水北调工程的建设,内河船舶对水域环境造成的污染引起了高度的重视,为了保障南水北调工程的建设和人民群众生活及生态环境安全,加强内河船舶污染控制工作成为海事船检部门工作的重中之重。严格把关船舶污染水域源头,从现行法制手段、国家监督管理机制、船舶防污设计等多个方面进行分析,采取有效的防污染措施,提高当前内河船舶防污染工作,重视内河船舶防污染治理,提升内河船舶防污染水平。本文针对京杭运河徐州段船舶防污现状,浅析内河船舶防污染面临的问题,并研究解决对策。     

MBR法处理船舶含油污水技术的研究

随着人们环保意识的不断加强以及国际法规的日趋严格,传统的船用油水分离装置已不能满足含油污水处理的标准。本文简述了一些现有含油污水的处理技术,提出了MBR法在处理船舶含油污水中有极大的发展前景及今后需解决的问题。     

内河“虚标功率”船舶的危害性及应对措施

文章按照"船""机"匹配的原则,结合当前内河船舶的实际情况,阐述了内河船舶"虚标功率"现象及其形成的原因,分析了其各方面的危害性,并从船舶检验的角度提出了相关应对措施。     

内河小型船舶电力推进系统助推西部绿色航运

＂滇游1号＂电力推进客渡船是应用西部交通建设科技项目＂内河小型船舶电力推进系统研制＂成果制造的示范船。该船环保性能优越,能够有效遏制航运船舶对空气及水体的污染,有利于保护高原湖库区水域环境,可满足西部地区对环保型绿色航运船舶的迫切需求,对实现水路交通事业的健康可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

内河船舶安全风险因素识别与防范

本文以宁德市赛岐大桥为研究对象,通过调阅和分析福建省宁德市船舶检验所在册船舶档案资料,走访辖区航运公司了解所属船舶安全管理情况,实地检查宁德辖区内河船舶安全技术状况,分别从船舶总吨位、船舶总功率、船舶总长度、船舶违章查处及其它船舶特征,对赛岐大桥水域内河船舶安全风险因素进行识别,并提出了相应的风险防范对策及建议。     

限硫令下 中国船舶减排路在何方

<正>2019年10月25日,交通运输部海事局发布《2020年全球船用燃油限硫令实施方案》(以下简称"限硫令"),自2020年1月1日起,国际航行船舶在中国管辖水域不得使用含硫量超过0.50%m/m的燃油(以下简称"合规燃油"),进入我国内河船舶排放控制区不得使用含油量超过0.10%m/m的燃油(以下简称"不合规燃油")。同时,船舶不得在我国船舶大气污染物排放控制区内排放开式废气清洗系统洗涤水。作为水运大国,限硫令实施将为中国船舶减排、空气质量改善带来哪些利好?又对监管政策、     

清理行政审批 促进职能转变

在国务院公布的第一批取消的行政审批项目中,包括由交通运输部实施的国际船舶运输经营者之间兼并和收购的审核,承担船舶油污损害民事责任保险的商业性保险机构和互助性保险机构的确定,国际船舶代理业务审批,船舶修造、水上拆解地点的确定;由省级地方海事机构实施的从事内河船舶船员服务业务审批。而保留的行政审批项目,主要集中在安全监管和市场秩序监管领域。保留这些审批项目,主要出于三个方面考虑:一是履行安全管理和防治水域污染职责的需要;二是履行国际公约的需要,国际海事组织、国际劳工组织在船舶管理、船员管理以及防治船舶污染海域等方面制定了一系列公约,中国作为公约的成员国,必须遵循这些规则;三是维护国家主权、实施对等管理的需要,出于对国家主权和国家经济安全的保护,世界上很多国家在公路水路运输     

改善河网水环境恢复河道生态功能

通过分析目前宁波市城区内河水环境存在的水流不畅、季节性明显、河道发臭等问题,提出生态修复和污染源头控制两大原则,对城区内河进行整治。主要通过截流污水、雨水预处理和水体调控等措施来改善河网水环境,恢复河道生态功能,从而提高居民生活的环境质量。     

水上蓝天保卫战走向深入——交通运输部海事局副局长杨新宅解读《船舶大气污染物排放控制区实施方案》

正2018年年底,交通运输部印发《船舶大气污染物排放控制区实施方案》(以下简称《实施方案》),该方案明确,在已设立的环渤海(京津冀)、长三角、珠三角水域船舶排放控制区基础上,进一步扩大控制地理范围,严加控制排放要求,降低船舶硫氧化物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和挥发性有机物等污染物的排放,促进沿海和内河港口城市空气质量持续改善。《实施方案》的出     

内河船舶大气污染物排放影响分析

为有效减少内河船舶大气污染物排放量,降低对环境和人类健康的潜在影响,从内河船舶大气污染物排放特点入手,分析其类型、来源、排放量、影响因素、排放规律与时空分布特征等,以及内河船舶大气污染物排放对人体健康、生态环境及气候变化的影响。在此基础上提出合理控制内河船舶大气污染物排放的措施,包括燃料选择与升级、发动机优化与维护、废气后处理技术等,以期为相关从业人员提供一定的参考。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.