基于重叠网格法的结构物入水砰击研究

采用重叠网格法，对楔形体的入水砰击问题进行模拟。将数值计算结果与试验数据比较，验证了该数值方法的有效性；在此基础之上，探究斜升角、初始速度和下落高度对楔形体入水砰击的影响。初始速度和高度对楔形体入水过程中初次砰击压力峰值的影响很大。随着入水深度的增加，气体逸出，出现二次峰值；当斜升角大于等于30°时，最大砰击压力出现在楔形体底端附近。此外，速度对二次砰击峰值的影响要比斜升角的影响大。     

二维楔形体入水问题的数值和实验研究

船舶在极端波浪条件下会产生剧烈的砰击,瞬时产生的巨大作用力会造成船体结构的损坏,因此准确预估入水砰击过程非常重要。本文通过数值和实验,分析楔形体入水过程中运动、受力以及自由表面的变化情况,验证光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法在楔形体入水问题上的适用性和准确性,并使用此方法分析楔形体入水时楔形体斜升角和入水速度的影响。结果表明,光滑粒子流体动力学方法在解决入水问题上有很好的准确性,在楔形体受力和自由表面变形上与实验结果有很好的吻合度。通过计算发现,最大砰击力与楔形体斜升角的三次方成正比,与入水速度的二次方成正比,增大楔形体的斜升角和降低入水速度,都可有效减少入水砰击力。     

三体船砰击压力数值计算方法研究

基于冯卡门砰击理论的基本思想,对任意形状的二维剖面入水砰击问题进行了数值研究,并且将该数值计算方法应用在了三体船船首底部二维剖面的砰击压力计算中。首先采用源汇分布法对二维剖面在不同入水深度处的附加质量进行求解,进而计算得到附加质量随入水深度的变化。在剖面入水速度已知的情况下,即可求得剖面的砰击压力值。然后以二维楔形体入水砰击为例,采用本文的数值计算方法对不同底部升角的砰击压力系数进行了数值计算。并且将数值计算结果与模型试验数据进行了比较,结果显示在底部升角大于10°的情况下,两者符合良好,从而验证了该数值方法的可行性。最终,利用该方法对三体船船首底部二维剖面的砰击压力进行了研究。     

三维楔形体与圆锥体的砰击压力

基于有限元软件Fluent计算楔形体和圆锥体的入水砰击压力,并与试验结果进行比较,对于砰击压力分布及楔形体入水速度变化过程二者吻合较好。重点研究楔形体长宽比对砰击压力的影响。研究发现,楔形体长宽比对砰击压力影响较大,当楔形体长宽比大于3时,三维楔形体中横剖面的砰击压力计算可近似简化为具有同样剖面的二维楔形体入水问题。楔形体入水角对砰击压力极值的分布有很大的影响,相同入水速度条件下,楔形体的砰击压力极值比圆锥体的砰击压力极值大。     

基于气垫效应的二维楔形体入水砰击载荷预报方法研究

本文对二维刚性楔形体入水砰击问题进行研究,将数值模拟与模型试验结果进行对比分析,验证利用数值模拟方法研究入水砰击问题的可行性.获得气垫效应、斜倾角、入水速度对楔形体入水砰击压力峰值的影响规律,并分析了气垫效应对压力峰值的影响机理.最后对砰击载荷预报方法进行研究,获得不同斜倾角、不同速度下楔形体入水砰击压力峰值的预报公式.     

基于气垫效应的二维楔形体入水砰击载荷预报方法研究

本文对二维刚性楔形体入水砰击问题进行研究,将数值模拟与模型试验结果进行对比分析,验证利用数值模拟方法研究入水砰击问题的可行性。获得气垫效应、斜倾角、入水速度对楔形体入水砰击压力峰值的影响规律,并分析了气垫效应对压力峰值的影响机理。最后对砰击载荷预报方法进行研究,获得不同斜倾角、不同速度下楔形体入水砰击压力峰值的预报公式。     

二维楔形体砰击载荷研究

利用Fluent软件研究二维楔形体结构的砰击问题,考虑外部大气压重力以及网格影响等因素,建立二维有限元模型,对不同斜升角的楔形体结构以不同的速度进行等速入水的情况进行计算。研究发现,最大砰击压力随着楔形体斜升角的增大而减小,随砰击速度的增大而增大。     

楔形与船首外飘剖面的砰击研究

文章通过分析MLM解析砰击模型,提出了一种更适用于大底升角楔形体砰击的半解析砰击模型。通过采用数值仿真技术对外飘剖面入水问题的研究,指出了现有规范方法存在的不足,并扩展了半解析方法来实现外飘剖面砰击压力峰值系数的预报。在楔形剖面与船首外飘剖面的入水砰击研究中,对比了半解析砰击模型和数值仿真技术的计算结果,验证了半解析方法的可行性。     

楔形与船首外飘剖面的砰击研究（英文）

文章通过分析MLM解析砰击模型,提出了一种更适用于大底升角楔形体砰击的半解析砰击模型。通过采用数值仿真技术对外飘剖面入水问题的研究,指出了现有规范方法存在的不足,并扩展了半解析方法来实现外飘剖面砰击压力峰值系数的预报。在楔形剖面与船首外飘剖面的入水砰击研究中,对比了半解析砰击模型和数值仿真技术的计算结果,验证了半解析方法的可行性。     

基于全船建模的航速对船首外飘砰击影响研究

建立二维楔形体入水模型,验证入水砰击仿真方法可靠性,对集装箱船体进行全船体建模,导入船体运动参数,增加船体的纵摇运动,采用一般耦合算法(General coupling),流体域用Euler单元模拟,船体设为刚体,划分为Lagrange有限元网格,对船体进行入水仿真.对比不同工况下的结果表明:全船模拟时船型纵向斜升角会发生变化,导致航速对船首入水砰击压力的影响较大,随着航速的增加,入水砰击压力变大,同时航速还会使砰击压力峰值位置发生变化.     

Hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads

A hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads is presented. An analytical model based on Wagner theory is used for calculations of transient slamming load on the ship plate. A thin isotropic plate theory is considered for determining the vibration of a rectangular plate excited by an external slamming force. The forced vibration of the plate is calculated by the modal expansion method. Analytical results of the transient response of a rectangular plate induced by slamming loads are compared with numerical calculations from finite element method. The theoretical slamming pressure based on Wagner model is applied on the finite element model of a plate. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and numerical results for the structural deflection of a rectangular plate due to slamming pressure. The effects of plate dimension and wave profile on the structural vibration are discussed as well. The results show that a low impact velocity and a small wetted radial length of wave yield negligible effects of hydroelasticity.     

水波与双圆型透水板的相互作用（英文）

In this paper we have investigated the reflection and the transmission of a system of two symmetric circular-arc-shaped thin porous plates submerged in deep water within the context of linear theory. The hypersingular integral equation technique has been used to analyze the problem mathematically. The integral equations are formulated by applying Green's integral theorem to the fundamental potential function and the scattered potential function into a suitable fluid region, and then using the boundary condition on the porous plate surface. These are solved approximately using an expansion-cum-collocation method where the behaviour of the potential functions at the tips of the plates have been used. This method ultimately produces a very good numerical approximation for the reflection and the transmission coefficients and hydrodynamic force components. The numerical results are depicted graphically against the wave number for a variety of layouts of the arc. Some results are compared with known results for similar configurations of dual rigid plate systems available in the literature with good agreement.     

基于改进的Logvinovich法对带横摇运动非对称楔形体入水砰击力的计算(英文)

The water entry problem of an asymmetric wedge with roll motion was analyzed by the method of a modified Logvinovich model (MLM). The MLM is a kind of analytical model based on the Wagner method, which linearizes the free surface condition and body boundary condition. The difference is that the MLM applies a nonlinear Bernoulli equation to obtain pressure distribution, which has been proven to be helpful to enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic loads. The Wagner condition in this paper was generalized to solve the problem of the water entry of a wedge body with rotational velocity. The comparison of wet width between the MLM and a fully nonlinear numerical approach was given, and they agree well with each other. The effect of angular velocity on the hydrodynamic loads of a wedge body was investigated.     

On the water impact and elastic response of a flat plate at small impact angles

It is well known that Wagner's theory for the impact between a flat body and a water surface cannot be applied to very small impact angles because of the effects of the trapped air. We focus our attention on the impact problem with a small impact angle, which has not been studied in detail owing to theoretical and experimental difficulties. In order to investigate the transitional impact behavior from a trapped-air impact to a Wagner-type impact, we carried out precise pressure and strain measurements by dropping a plate and increasing the impact angle, β, from 0° to 4° by increments of 0.5°. Based on the experimental results, the time histories of the measured pressures were identified as belonging to three patterns: the Wagner type, the trapped-air type, and the intermediate type. During the transitional impact process, the Wagner-type pattern was observed near the keel at the beginning of the impact, with the trapped-air pattern toward the edge of the plate. The Wagner-type pressure pattern dominated with increasing impact angle. Although high peak pressures appeared in the transitional impact process, the maximum strains measured in the plate were not so sensitive to the impact angle. It was found that the structural response can be estimated by using the average pressure at impact, which leads to a new design approach for small impact angles.     

Wave impact underneath horizontal decks

The problem of water impact on a fixed horizontal platform deck from regular incident waves was studied. Two-dimensional potential flow was assumed, and the resulting boundary-value problem was solved by three alternative numerical methods, a method based on a generalization of the impact theory by Wagner, and two different nonlinear boundary-element methods. The Wagner-based method used a von Karman approach during the water exit phase, i.e., when the wetted surface decreases. Experiments of the impact on an idealized platform deck have been performed to validate the theory. Comparisons show that the Wagner-based method yields good results for the water entry phase, when the wetted deck area increases, but poor results when the wetted area diminishes. The boundary-element methods compare well with experiments for the entire impact process. A Kutta condition is necessary at the aft body–free surface intersection during water exit and when the flow separates from the aft edge. Gravity effects matter for the water exit phase.     

A parametric study on water-entry of a twin wedge by boundary element method

High speed catamarans are used for pleasure, racing as well as passenger transportations. Optimal design of these crafts requires knowledge of sea loads exerted on their structures. The total load may be estimated by integration of loads exerted on a series of two-dimensional sections along the hull. In order to access the cross-sectional loads, the problem may be simplified to solve the water-entry problem of a twin hull. In this paper, water-entry problem of a twin wedge at constant vertical water-entry speed is studied. The problem is solved in the framework of potential theory using boundary element method where gravity effect on the flow is neglected. A simplified model based on Wagner theory is employed. Free surface elevation and pressure distribution on the body in different deadrise angles have been evaluated. A parametric study has been done to investigate effects of deadrise angle, distance between demi-hulls and free surface elevation on maximum pressure coefficient. Finally, a regression formula for maximum pressure coefficient has been proposed. Results of parametric study reveal that as time advances the interaction between two demi-hull gets more severe, besides the interaction effect on pressure coefficient is nonlinear.     

基于SPH方法的M型快艇入水载荷仿真分析

[目的]为研究M型快艇典型截面结构入水过程中受到的水动力载荷,[方法]基于光滑粒子动力学(SPH)液-气两相流算法,模拟平板和弓形模型的入水过程,以验证所用算法的精确性。在此基础上,模拟M型快艇典型截面结构的入水过程,并与相关文献的试验结果进行比较。[结果]结果显示:两种结构入水过程的仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好。M型快艇入水过程中存在二次砰击现象,即在主船体斜升角较大时会导致第1次砰击载荷较小,若斜升角过大时第2次砰击过程中结构则受到的砰击载荷会显着增加。[结论]研究结果表明,SPH两相流算法可以很好地模拟M型快艇入水过程,斜升角的设计大小应适当。     

基于浮体Morison方程的半潜式超大型浮式结构波浪力简化计算方法

研究了半潜式超大型浮式结构中移动式海上基地（MOB）在高海况随机波作用下波浪力的简化计算方法。文中基于修正后的浮体Morison方程,经理论推导得出了MOB结构波浪力的计算公式。以MOB结构“三模块模型”为例,研究其在6级海况条件下基于Bretschneider谱模拟的随机不规则波中浪向角变化在0°~90°范围内,各模块的波浪力-历时规律,将本文简化算法的计算结果统计值与势流理论的结果相互对比,并对二者进行误差分析。结果表明：运用本文简化算法得到的MOB波浪力统计结果与势流理论的结果吻合程度高,且二者之间的相对误差在工程允许的范围之内,可充分验证本文方法的正确性、合理性与可行性。本文算法相比于势流理论而言更加简单,建议在结构初步设计阶段运用该方法可高效地评估大量不同工况下MOB结构的波浪荷载,研究成果可为半潜式超大型浮式结构动力响应研究奠定基础。     

南汇东滩对长江口与杭州湾泥沙交换的影响研究

南汇东滩位于长江口与杭州湾的交汇处,是长江口与杭州湾水沙交换的重要通道,文章结合水动力特征指出南汇东滩是长江口外一个特殊的潮流动能减弱区,潮滩南北两侧潮流动能相对较强,涨落潮时过境泥沙易于落淤。根据长江口外的盐淡水混合类型分布及实测泥沙粒径组成指出风浪天气下南汇东滩是南槽淤积泥沙的主要物质来源,部分泥沙经南槽出海后随涨潮流进入杭州湾,大风天气下南汇东滩与杭州湾北岸地形演变成相反趋势,进一步证明南汇东滩是长江口与杭州湾泥沙交换的中转站。文章最后结合Lagrange质点运动轨迹分析了边滩不同区域质点的运动趋势,发现潮滩南北两侧质点运动趋势相反,提出边滩泥沙运动分界点的位置。研究表明南汇东滩特殊的动力机制对长江口与杭州湾北岸的岸滩演变具有重要的影响。