基于人车路模式的汽车主动悬架LQR控制及MATLAB仿真

车身与座椅间的非刚性连接及轮胎阻尼因素对汽车主动悬架的振动有一定影响,但该影响往往在悬架研究中被忽略,为此,建立1/4汽车三自由度模型,利用LQR控制理论对其进行控制仿真。结果表明,与被动悬架进行对比,车身垂直加速度由-4～4m/s~2降低到-2～2m/s~2,而悬架和轮胎动位移变化很小,极大改善汽车平顺性。另外,LQR控制器受性能指标加权系数影响很大,优化其系数,可进一步提高汽车平顺性,为主动悬架的后续研究提供一定参考价值。     

基于isight响应面模型的白车身轻量化研究

在保持车身结构性能不变的情况下,对白车身进行灵敏度分析,根据灵敏度分析结果,选取58个零件厚度作为设计变量,在isight中采用优化拉丁超立方方法对样本采样,对白车身弯扭刚度及1阶扭转模态进行分析,采用1阶响应面方法建立白车身弯扭刚度、1阶扭转模态及质量近似模型,近似模型拟合优度值R2均大于0.9,具有高可信度,最后通过近似模型优化方法 SQP(Sequential Quadratic Programming,序列二次规划法)完成白车身减重。优化后的弯扭刚度及1阶扭转模态都达到设计要求,在材料不变的情况下,质量减轻约23.6kg;基于isight多学科优化方法结合相应有限元分析软件在车身减重方面具有很好效果。     

提高重卡车身焊装质量的途径

本文说明了车身焊装质量是决定整个车身质量的重要因素;分析了重卡车身的结构特点,指出了在车身设计及整个生产过程中,影响车身焊装质量的几个关键环节,并提出了改进车身焊装质量的相应措施。     

车身装配“零”调整

车身质量是整车质量保证的基础,车身质量保证是一项系统工程,需全流程、全部门共同面对并解决好。文章从背景和具体措施2个方面,介绍了车身装配质量保证的一般方法。通过识别影响车身装配的因素,在产品设计、工艺设计及车身调试方面建立对策,确保生产线上的车身装配质量,保证车身装配质量能够有效实现"零"调整目标。     

汽车纵向加速度运动模型分析研究

为分析汽车行驶时的纵向加速度变化情况及影响因素,运用七自由度汽车振动模型分析了前、后车轮和车身不同方向的振动受力情况,再根据路面不平度模型的空间频率功率谱密度和时间频率功率谱密度分析,结果表明,汽车在三级公路-E级路面以60 Km/h的速度行驶时,车身加速度跳动范围最大,最大值为5.92 m/s2。研究的内容和方向,为汽车运动学和汽车平顺性的研究及优化设计提供一定理论依据。     

车身装配“零”调整

车身质量是整车质量保证的基础,车身质量保证是一项系统工程,需全流程、全部门共同面对并解决好.文章从背景和具体措施2个方面,介绍了车身装配质量保证的一般方法.通过识别影响车身装配的因素,在产品设计、工艺设计及车身调试方面建立对策,确保生产线上的车身装配质量,保证车身装配质量能够有效实现“零”调整目标.     

白车身软模试制质量控制要点解析

文章从白车身软模试制的各个开发阶段出发,结合试制车质量评价要素和影响因素,从五个方面分析了影响白车身试制质量的要点,并制定提升质量和精度控制的措施和方法,实现白车身试制质量的提升。     

基于扭转刚度的电池包与车身集成设计研究

白车身扭转刚度是承载式车身的重要力学性能指标，对整车操稳性有着直接的影响，同时也是衡量车身轻量化水平的重要指标。由于新一代的纯电车身与传统车身有较大的结构框架差异，因此在车身设计初期，以提升扭转刚度为目标重新定义传力路径。本文基于理论分析及拓扑优化的方法找寻车身扭转刚度的最佳传力路径，通过电池包与车身的集成设计，使得车身形成多个近似圆环状的封闭结构。在车身没有增加额外质量的前提下，白车身扭转刚度可达到40 000 N·m/（°），车身轻量化系数达到1.75，做到纯电车的领先水平，同时使得整车操稳性能也大幅提升。     

一种MPV车身NVH性能结构的优化方案

本文首先对某款MPV车型T2'与T2'数据的制动噪声进行加速、路噪、怠速带载载荷分析.三种载荷下的弱点分析及优化,寻找车身方案,T2'模型方案对比T2'模型方案,车身方案在不同载荷下的验证,减重方案,有效的解决了整车路噪低频压耳声的问题.     

基于正交实验法的车身侧面碰撞性能优化

建立车身有限元模型进行仿真分析。输出B柱加速度曲线并与实车侧面碰撞结果对标,使有限元模型能够表征物理样车,仿真结果具有可信性及预测性。进行CAE侧面碰撞仿真,采用正交试验法分析车身侧面结构中的7个零件,考核各零件对车身侧面碰撞性能指标的影响,寻找出对车身侧面碰撞性能影响较大的零件及区域。进行优化设计,利用CAE仿真手段来验证优化方案。结果表明:通过该方法,能够判断对车身侧面碰撞性能影响较大的零件和区域,以及影响因子。能够快速、合理、有针对性的进行车身结构优化,达到优化目标。     

基于一维弹簧质量模型的碰撞分析

文章通过弹簧质量模型理论和运动过程解析,对弹簧加载过程中力-位移曲线进行了修正,使得弹簧质量模型运动过程与整车碰撞运动相匹配。利用LS-DYNA分析软件对弹簧质量模型进行构建,详细介绍了单元类型、工况设置和弹簧材料定义,并完成了碰撞分析计算。分析结果显示弹簧模型碰撞过程的位移、速度和加速度变化与整车模型一致,表明弹簧质量模型用于车型预研阶段碰撞路径规划是可行的。     

面向结构的汽车齿轮齿条式转向系仿真模型

针对齿轮齿条式转向系统建立了面向结构的转向系统模型,包括转向齿条动力学和转向横拉杆以及转向立柱的弹性特性、转向减振器阻尼力、转向干摩擦、液压助力特性等。所建模型具有完备的动力学自由度,能准确地反映路面激励对转向轮运动状态地影响。并将该模型嵌入到整车动力学模型中,对两种典型工况进行了仿真计算。通过仿真结果与道路试验结果的对比,验证了该模型的正确性。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

Modelling,validation and analysis of a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track system model with linear and nonlinear track properties in the presence of wheel flats

This paper presents dynamic contact loads at wheel–rail contact point in a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track model as well as dynamic response at vehicle–track component levels in the presence of wheel flats. The 17-degrees of freedom lumped mass vehicle is modelled as a full car body, two bogies and four wheelsets, whereas the railway track is modelled as two parallel Timoshenko beams periodically supported by lumped masses representing the sleepers. The rail beam is also supported by nonlinear spring and damper elements representing the railpad and ballast. In order to ensure the interactions between the railpads, a shear parameter beneath the rail beams has also been considered into the model. The wheel–rail contact is modelled using nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. In order to solve the coupled partial and ordinary differential equations of the vehicle–track system, modal analysis method is employed. Idealised Haversine wheel flats with the rounded corner are included in the wheel–rail contact model. The developed model is validated with the existing measured and analytical data available in the literature. The nonlinear model is then employed to investigate the wheel–rail impact forces that arise in the wheel–rail interface due to the presence of wheel flats. The validated model is further employed to investigate the dynamic responses of vehicle and track components in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in the presence of single wheel flat.     

油气弹簧非线性特性对车辆平顺性的影响分析

推导并建立了某工程车辆油气弹簧的非线性刚度和阻尼特性的数学模型，并将其导入到车辆模型中。根据汽车悬架质量分配特点．将汽车简化为两自由度的舣质量振动系统，对此两自由度模型的车轮加速度、车身加速度和悬架动行程进行了仿真从仿真结果可以看出，非线性油气弹簧能很好地衰减由路面传递来的振动。分析了刚度和阻尼的变化对车辆平顺性的影响。     

基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的车轮外倾角对车辆高速转向稳定性的影响研究

基于Matlab/Simulink建立了考虑汽车车身侧倾转向的3自由度仿真模型,研究了车轮外倾角对汽车高速转向稳定性的影响。结果表明前轮正外倾角、后轮负外倾角有利于提高转向稳定性,特别是在大转角的危险工况可以避免发生侧滑和侧翻。     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

车身壁板自由阻尼层稳健性优化设计

在车身壁板自由阻尼层的优化设计中,提出了考虑阻尼材料参数不确定性波动的稳健性优化设计方法。首先,在车身防火墙、地板和顶棚等区域全敷阻尼材料;其次,以等效辐射声功率(ERP)为优化目标对阻尼层布局进行拓扑优化并验证优化效果;最后,以阻尼层厚度为随机设计变量,损耗因子和弹性模量为随机变量,质量最小为优化目标,并结合径向基函数(RBF)近似模型、蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)和序列二次规划算法(SQP)对阻尼层进行6σ稳健性优化设计。结果表明,优化后车身自由阻尼层的总质量减少了50.45%,并且车身结构噪声性能达到了6σ质量水平,实现了保证车身轻量化要求下的阻尼层稳健性优化的目标。     

Suspension parameter estimation in the frequency domain using a matrix inversion approach

The dynamic lumped parameter models used to optimise the ride and handling of a vehicle require base values of the suspension parameters. These parameters are generally experimentally identified. The accuracy of identified parameters can depend on the measurement noise and the validity of the model used. The existing publications on suspension parameter identification are generally based on the time domain and use a limited degree of freedom. Further, the data used are either from a simulated ‘experiment’ or from a laboratory test on an idealised quarter or a half-car model. In this paper, a method is developed in the frequency domain which effectively accounts for the measurement noise. Additional dynamic constraining equations are incorporated and the proposed formulation results in a matrix inversion approach. The nonlinearities in damping are estimated, however, using a time-domain approach. Full-scale 4-post rig test data of a vehicle are used. The variations in the results are discussed using the modal resonant behaviour. Further, a method is implemented to show how the results can be improved when the matrix inverted is ill-conditioned. The case study shows a good agreement between the estimates based on the proposed frequency-domain approach and measurable physical parameters.     

中国公路车-桥耦合振动车辆模型研究（双语出版）

为了提出适用于中国车-桥耦合振动分析的车辆动力分析模型,首先基于中国桥梁规范中的设计车辆荷载,结合大量调查统计数据和等效静力分析方法,初步拟定车辆动力分析模型的几何尺寸、质量、刚度、阻尼等参数取值,并与国内外广泛采用的几种车辆模型的参数取值进行对比。接着选取4座钢筋混凝土简支梁桥并建立其三维有限元模型,基于车-桥耦合振动数值模拟分析车辆模型的刚度、阻尼等参数对桥梁上动力冲击系数的影响,并对比几个不同车辆模型对动力冲击系数的影响。最后,选择中国湖南省境内一座实桥和几辆不同轴数的重车开展实桥试验,将实测动力冲击系数与所提车辆模型数值模拟获得的冲击系数进行对比。结果表明：动力冲击系数随车辆总质量的增大而减小,随车辆整体刚度的增大而增大,但随车辆整体阻尼的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势;单个车轴的刚度和阻尼对动力冲击系数的影响不明显;车辆总质量是导致不同车辆模型作用下动力冲击系数差异的主要因素;数值模拟结果与实测结果吻合良好,验证了所提车辆模型及参数取值的合理性;该车辆模型可用于中国的设计车辆荷载作用下桥梁的动力响应分析和相关研究,也可用于估算重量相当的不同类型车辆对桥梁的动力冲击效应。