一种长寿命高可靠性锁销式同步器设计

本文介绍了一种新的锁销式同步器结构,比较了此新结构与普通锁销式同步器结构的不同。该结构完全解决了锁止销锁止面磨损、铆接松动、中部断裂等失效故障,能够大大提高同步器在承受大同步力和大同步惯量等恶劣工况下的工作寿命,尤其适合于变速器副箱使用高压气动方式进行换挡操作的恶劣工况条件。     

Development of Vehicle Electronic Diagnostic System Based on AUTOSAR

采用汽车开放系统架构标准AUTOSAR的开发方法和诊断架构,开发了基于Freescale HCS12X处理器的汽车电子故障诊断系统,并进行了仿真实验.结果表明,该系统能及时准确地诊断出故障,基于AUTOSAR的诊断系统是可配置的,能够适应多种情况.     

面向车云网量子加密通信架构的轻量化身份认证方案研究

为解决车联网技术中身份认证问题，在车云网量子通信架构的基础上，设计了一种轻量化身份认证方案，认证过程由注册和认证2个阶段构成，车辆与车联网云平台间进行2轮认证以确保方案的安全性。试验结果表明，该方案计算开销仅为0.179 ms，通信开销为417 B，与其他4种相关方案相比，具有更低的计算开销和通信开销，在兼顾安全性的同时具备更高的效率，对于大多数低计算量和低通信量的车联网设备具有更高的适用性。     

本田CR-V车行李箱锁无法开启

正故障现象一辆行驶里程约为6万km的2009年产东风本田CR-V车(2.4 L VTi-S车型),车主反映该车行李箱锁无法开启。故障诊断与排除根据笔者多年的维修经验,在对车辆的故障(尤其是电器部分的故障)进行诊断时,按照"故障五步处理法"进行诊断可以得到事半功倍的效果。所谓"故障五步处理法",第一步是对车辆故障现象进行验证和确认,第二步是分析工作原理,第三步是通过检测电路查找故障,第四步是确定故障点并进行维修排除,第五步     

面向汽车Zonal架构的TSN轻量级认证与授权通信框架

汽车智能化需求推动了汽车电子电气（electrical/electronic,E/E）架构向基于时间敏感网络（time-sensitive networking,TSN）的区域（Zonal）架构演进，但网联化发展给数据传输带来了严重的信息安全问题。TSN标准所提供的流过滤器、流控门和流计量器3层信息防护模块本质上是一种边界防火墙技术，一旦边界被攻破，整个架构将暴露并因此瘫痪；此外，这种防护技术因存在多层处理而产生过多的计算和通信开销。本文提出一种面向汽车Zonal架构的TSN轻量级认证与授权通信框架，以去边界的方式实现了防劫持、防篡改及防监听的一体化防护方案。基于NXP车规级TSN交换芯片SJA1105Q（作为中央控制器）与NXP车规级SoC LS1028A（作为区域控制器）构建了Zonal架构原型平台，并将所开发的框架部署该原型平台，通过ProVerif工具验证了框架的安全性；基于原型平台的评估结果表明，所提框架在计算和通信开销方面均优于现有汽车信息安全通信框架。     

奔驰E200车无法遥控锁车

正故障现象一辆2010年产奔驰E200车,搭载M271860发动机,驾驶人反映该车无法遥控锁车。故障诊断接车后试车验证故障现象,发现遥控钥匙在距离车辆1m时可以锁止及解锁车辆,但该距离超过1m后,无法利用遥控钥匙对车辆进行锁止和解锁。连接故障检测仪读取故障代码,无任何故障代码存储。分析该车锁止及解锁的控制原理得知,按下遥控钥匙上的锁止或解锁按钮,红外线信号和无线电信号(认可代     

中间锁止VVT故障研究

文章以某款采用中间锁止VVT发动机为基础,通过试验结果、数据分析及理论研究,说明了相应故障的调查方法、过程及细节。同时通过对该故障的研究,实现了中间锁止VVT技术在发动机上的应用优化,改进了中间锁止VVT在实际应用过程中的控制逻辑,为后续的产品应用奠定基础。     

基于车端量子密钥的车联网数据访问控制研究

为实现车联网相关数据的安全传输和隐私保护，提出了一种基于车端量子密钥的车联网数据访问控制方案。设计了基于预充注量子密钥的身份认证和密钥协商机制，提出了基于量子随机数发生器的车辆数据访问控制方案，在车载通信终端集成量子随机数发生器以生成量子加密密钥，并由车辆所有者对来自外部设备的车联网数据访问请求进行管控，以防止非授权访问、高权限人员恶意侵入和车辆隐私数据的不当开放。最后，对提出的方案进行了安全性和性能分析，结果表明，该方案具有较强的安全性，具有比其他主要方案更小的计算开销（0.395 ms）和通信开销（420 B）。     

奔驰GLK300车防盗警报系统报警

故障现象一辆2009年购买的奔驰GLK300车(装配272948发动机及722.964自动变速器),累计行驶里程为3.6万km,出现用遥控钥匙锁车后防盗警报系统(ATA)报警的故障而到我公司维修。故障诊断使用DAS读取系统故障代码,快速测试的结果显示系统一切正常,没有关于防盗警报系统的任何故障代码存储记录。看来只能一步一步地检查了,因为是防盗警报系统在锁车后报警,一般是防盗警报系统的某一个或几个组件出了问题,导致系统报警。诊断的初步思路应为围绕防盗警报系统各部件逐一进行检查,因此弄清楚该车防盗警报系统的工作原理在排除故障时将会事半功倍。     

一种用于智能汽车的硬件友好对抗样本在线防御方法

提出了一种针对对抗样本攻击的硬件友好的在线防御方法。该方法由三部分组成，一个使用自编码器作为检测器来逼近自然样本流形分布的广谱检测算法，一个适用于深度神经网络 （Deep Neural Network，DNN） 瓷片加速器架构的高效层调度方案以减少数据访问开销，以及一个软硬件协同设计方法以达到检测精度和算法开销的平衡。试验表明，基于自编码器的广谱在线检测方法能够达到与已有算法相当的检测精度，提出的层调度方案将推理网络与检测器耦合的联合网络的DRAM访问量减少了43%，进而降低了能耗，提高了吞吐量。此外，软硬件协同设计方法在保证检测精度不 降低的情况下，将耦合网络的能耗和运行时间分别降低了58%和54%。     

Approach to functional safety-compliant ECU design for electro-mechanical brake systems

In this paper, we propose a design approach to a functional safety-compliant ECU for an electro-mechanical brake (EMB) control system or an electronic wedge brake (EWB) control system. Brake actuators in a brake-by-wire (BBW) system such as EMB or EWB are characterized by the safety-critical functions which are now executed by using many electric and electronic devices with application software. Based on hazard analysis and risk assessments of the automotive functional safety standard ISO 26262, the proposed EMB control system should be ASIL-D-compliant, which is the highest ASIL level. To this end, a hardware and a software design method is introduced to implement functionl safety-oriented monitoring functions which are based on an asymmetric dual-core architecture with an external watchdog processor. It is shown by using EMB hardware-In-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) that the proposed ECU design approach is very effective when a hardware fault or software execution faults occur in the EMB ECU, moreover, this functional safety-compliant design can be well combiled with the sensor fault-tolerant control logic.     

Integrated fault detection and diagnosis system for longitudinal control of an autonomous all-terrain vehicle (ATV)

This paper presents a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method to enhance the reliability and safety for longitudinal control of an autonomous all-terrain vehicle (ATV). An integrated approach using decentralized and centralized FDD is proposed to optimize the tradeoff between sensitivity and robustness. While the decentralized approach is suitable for detecting faults in actuators and sensors directly connected to a single processor, it is sensitive to noises and disturbances and thus may result in false alarms. On the other hand, the centralized approach is based on information communicated between multiple processors, and it detects and diagnoses faults through analyzing concurrent computations of multiple hardware modules. However, its performance is still limited to isolating faults specifically in terms of components in the single hardware. To incorporate the advantages of both FDD approaches, a two-layered structure integrating both decentralized and centralized FDD is proposed and allows us to perform more robust fault detection as well as more detailed fault isolation. Finally, the proposed method is validated experimentally via field tests of an ATV.     

Fault tolerant nonlinear control with applications to an automated transit bus

This paper presents an integrated structure for a passive and active fault tolerant control (FTC) design approach in the framework of a robust nonlinear control technique called Dynamic Surface Control (DSC). As motivated by the automated vehicle application, we consider two categories of possible faults: pre-specified (a priori) and non-specified faults. It is first shown that DSC can be considered as a passive FTC approach in the sense that it gives simultaneous robust stability to a set of nonlinear systems even in the presence of model uncertainties and the pre-specified faults. Then, the non-specified fault is classified depending on the fault’s impact on the closed-loop system and isolatability from a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system. If a fault is both intolerable and isolatable, an active FTC approach is taken which includes FDD and controller reconfiguration. More specifically, trajectory reconfiguration is considered to accommodate the actuator fault, i.e., to compensate for the performance loss due to the fault within the framework of a switched hierarchical structure. Finally, the integrated structure for the longitudinal control of an automated transit bus is designed through the proposed method. Simulation results of the fault tolerant controller are shown for both single and multiple multiplicative faults. This controller was implemented on the California PATH transit buses in a demonstration of automated public transportation technology in San Diego, California in August of 2003.     

全液压推土机状态监测及故障诊断技术的研究

针对全液压推土机自身特征及作业特点,利用MC6控制器和DI2显示器构建了基于CAN-Bus总线的状态监测和故障诊断平台,介绍了整个系统的结构、功能和软件设计方法,给出了监测模块中需实时显示的被监测参数和故障诊断模块中可被识别的故障类型,为整机的正常运行提供了保障.     

线控转向系统故障检测及容错控制协同设计

为解决线控转向系统故障可能导致车辆失控的问题,提出一种故障检测及容错控制协同设计方法。首先,建立了包含线控转向系统加性故障的车辆动力学模型;其次,联合车辆动力学模型及故障检测/容错控制器,建立跟踪误差闭环控制系统;然后,求解满足闭环系统H∞性能的线性矩阵不等式,得到故障检测/容错控制器参数;最后,基于dSPACE Full-Size HIL进行硬件在环仿真测试。结果表明,该方法可快速检测出转向系统故障,同时实现了车辆的容错控制。     

风神蓝鸟轿车ABS故障检测与诊断

介绍了蓝鸟系列轿车ABS自诊断系统中故障诊断以及故障码的读取与清除方法。在介绍ABS常见典型故障的基础上,分析了如何根据故障码进行传感器、执行器电磁阀、ABS电动机继电器、ABS控制元件以及系统低电压的故障诊断方法,论述了常见的故障现象以及诊断程序,给出了系统维修数据。     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

一种在线车载诊断工具的设计与开发

随着电器架构的日趋复杂,整车产品开发时控制器在车辆运行过程中存在大量故障,目前故障诊断的方式一般是工程师到现场或者反馈给平台管理人员进行故障信息确认,这些方式都存在信息查询不及时、耗费人力、财力等问题,影响了整车产品开发周期。为解决以上问题,文章设计开发了一种在线车载诊断工具,方便工程师在手机上即可快速定位控制器的故障信息,提高工作效率,节省人力和运营成本。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

发动机新型电控系统的故障诊断的研究与开发

介绍了上海交通大学内燃机研究所研制的汽油机新型电控系统中的故障诊断部分的硬件组成及软件实现 ,包括CONTINUE诊断、KOEO诊断、ER诊断、OUTPUT诊断及喷油平衡诊断等 ,给出了程序总的流程图 ,详细介绍了故障诊断的原理、故障代码的输出及处理等。试验证明 ,此故障诊断能检测出发动机电控系统中的常见故障