变幅载荷作用下焊接接头疲劳寿命预测方法

船舶与海洋结构物在其服役过程中受到波浪等载荷的交变作用而引起结构的疲劳损伤.检测结果表明船舶及海洋结构的疲劳热点部位大多数是在构件相互连接的焊缝焊趾处.因此,研究典型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子统一计算方法以及变幅载荷作用下表面裂纹扩展规律对船舶与海洋结构物的寿命预测是十分重要的.本文讨论了裂纹闭合及开口比的计算,在Newman有效应力强度因子计算方法的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面的有效应力强度因子幅计算式以及变幅载荷作用下船舶与海洋结构物典型焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型.     

船用汽轮机转子疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析

分析汽轮机转子疲劳裂纹扩展寿命各种随机变量的统计分布规律和参数估计,给出计算裂纹扩展寿命的Monte-Carlo模拟仿真过程,运用Miner法则分析循环载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命评估方法,以某型转子的计算实例证明概率断裂力学方法的有效性。     

基于谱分析法的铝合金三体船疲劳强度直接计算分析

劳氏三体船规范主要针对钢制三体船,对铝合金三体船并不适用.该文以某120 m铝合金三体船为例,基于Miner线性累积损伤理论,运用直接计算法——谱分析法进行三体船疲劳寿命计算;同时考虑到将交变应力过程当成窄带处理与实际海况不符,对疲劳评估结果进行雨流修正.结果表明:铝合金三体船连接桥部位容易产生疲劳破坏,热点在不同浪向角下疲劳损伤贡献度不同;若将交变应力过程视为窄带模型,三体船疲劳计算结果偏保守.所得结论对铝合金三体船疲劳评估具有参考意义.     

基于谱分析的FPSB疲劳寿命评估和优化

FPSB是一种新型深远海大型浮式结构物,长期承受交变波浪载荷作用,易发生疲劳而使得结构失效。本文以一艘FPSB为研究对象,使用谱分析法对其疲劳寿命进行了评估。首先建立水动力模型计算波浪载荷响应算子RAO,建立整船结构模型计算船体结构响应,随后选取典型节点建立子模型以得到精确的热点应力传递函数,采用北大西洋海况和P-M海浪谱,基于S-N曲线和线性累积损伤准则对典型节点的疲劳寿命进行计算分析。根据疲劳评估结果,对易损节点进行基于疲劳性能的结构优化,以提高节点形式的合理性及结构安全可靠性。     

潜艇锥柱典型节点表面裂纹扩展数值模拟

锥柱结合处是潜艇结构疲劳破坏的热点区域。本文以潜艇锥柱结合壳结构典型节点为研究对象,以断裂力学为理论基础,使用APDL语言对ANSYS软件进行2次开发,分析潜艇耐压壳结构典型节点表面裂纹在交变载荷作用下的扩展过程,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明本方法可较好地模拟表面裂纹的疲劳扩展。     

一种基于累积损伤理论和裂纹尖端弹塑性应力场的裂纹扩展预测方法

文章提出了一种预测疲劳寿命的应力循环叠加和损伤循环叠加的双重叠加方法。该方法依据累积损伤理论,通过分析变幅载荷下裂纹尖端的应力场,采用应力循环叠加的方法反映残余应力的影响;同时利用SWT应力应变和寿命的关系,循环叠加裂尖损伤。该方法能够很好地反映过载时裂纹扩展的迟滞效应,适合变幅载荷下疲劳寿命的评估分析。     

随机载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展

船舶等许多工程结构在服役过程中的受载荷历程是一个随机过程.而变幅载荷下的载荷相互作用对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命将产生显著的影响.因此研究随机载荷作用下的裂纹扩展及定量计算对船舶结构的疲劳寿命预测的可靠性是十分重要的.该文提出了一个基于有效应力强度因子,以应力比和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸为主要参数的随机载荷作用下疲劳寿命预测模型.该模型用于预测几种载荷谱作用下的裂纹扩展试验,结果表明预测结构和实验结果符合得很好.     

海洋钢结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报单一扩展率曲线模型

采用基于疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳寿命预报方法对海洋钢结构的安全寿命进行评估,首先要解决变幅载荷作用下的裂纹扩展率问题,其次是复杂应力场中的应力强度因子计算问题.文章将裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型结合焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法来探讨复杂载荷作用下海洋钢结构的疲劳寿命预报问题.裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型的思想是将任意载况下的应力强度因子等效到R=0的应力强度因子,并假定超载不影响材料的裂纹扩展率,而是使等效应力强度因子幅减小.使得复杂载荷下的疲劳寿命预报也仅需要对应于R=0时的裂纹扩展率材料常数,从而解决复杂载荷下裂纹扩展率材料常数的确定问题.文中给出了适合于海洋钢结构的裂纹扩展率曲线,焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子以及残余应力引起的应力强度因子的计算方法.     

基于改进McEvily模型的结构压-压疲劳寿命预测方法

潜水器在下潜过程中其耐压结构大部分区域处于压缩应力状态,所受压力随潜深的改变而改变,将有可能导致耐压球壳发生疲劳破坏,而压-压载荷下的疲劳问题与常规疲劳分析有着很大的不同,因此研究结构的压-压疲劳寿命具有重要意义。本文基于断裂力学理论,采用改进的McEvily裂纹扩展速率模型,预测压缩循环载荷下的深海结构物疲劳寿命。采用有限元方法建立结构模型,研究了裂纹尖端区域有限元单元尺寸的影响,采用多载荷步分析结合节点释放技术计算得到了压缩循环载荷下沿着裂纹扩展平面的残余拉应力和应力强度因子,结合改进的McEvily模型计算得到裂纹扩展寿命曲线。最后,以承受单向循环压缩载荷的双边裂纹板为例,阐述了本文的计算方法,并将计算结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明本文的压缩疲劳寿命分析方法可行、有效,可为相关承受循环压缩载荷下的结构疲劳寿命评估提供参考。     

拉伸载荷下加筋板裂纹扩展研究

采用预制缺口的加筋板结构试样,对921A钢加筋板结构进行拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验,采用奇异单元法计算相应试件的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,利用Paris准则得出裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子的关系式,得到拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体加筋板结构破口裂纹扩展模型,用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况和剩余疲劳寿命预报,算例验证了本试验计算方法的合理性。     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.     

随机海况下的船体结构疲劳裂纹扩展

传统的疲劳问题一般都是采用S—N曲线及Miner累计损伤理论进行的,文章在基于断裂力学的基础上,通过权函数法来计算应力沿裂纹面的非线性效应力强度因子,鉴于船舶在海洋环境中受到载荷的随机性,充分考虑加载次序、过载峰和应力比等对裂纹扩展的影响,给出了船舶结构疲劳裂纹在随机载荷下的扩展寿命的计算过程。     

半潜式钻井船典型节点疲劳可靠性分析

由于半潜式钻井船结构及其受力条件复杂,该文用SESAM软件对某钻井船进行了整体三维有限元计算,得到特定浪向和相位下结构的最大应力幅响应.以整体有限元计算结果作为载荷边界条件,用NASTRAN软件对钻井船上的一些典型管节点进行了局部有限元分析,得到节点的热点应力.在此基础上根据DNV和CCS规范对节点疲劳寿命进行了计算并对几个危险节点进行了可靠性分析和裂纹扩展寿命计算.     

肘板趾端表面裂纹在随机波浪载荷作用下的疲劳扩展预报

肘板趾端是船舶与海洋结构的疲劳热点。文章用三维有限元分析了趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子修正系数的变化规律,并与BS7910推荐的典型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算结果作了对比,结果表明趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子沿深度方向的放大系数和T型节点相差很小,而表面端点应力强度因子修正系数则当裂纹长度在肘板厚度范围内时和T型节点相差很小,超出后则相差较大。以某客滚船上肘板趾端应力范围长期分布服从Weibull分布,产生系列均值为零的应力幅,应力强度因子分别采用有限元结果和BS7910中T型接头公式进行计算,采用单一曲线模型计算该趾端表面裂纹的裂纹扩展。计算等效应力强度因子幅时,考虑焊接残余应力的影响。计算结果表明以T型接头的公式计算趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子和有限元结果相差很小。建议将T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算公式用于趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,并采用单一曲线模型对随机波浪载荷下作用下船舶典型节点疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命进行了预报。     

基于ANSYS和Certon-Dolan理论分析估计疲劳寿命的方法

依据累积疲劳损伤法-迈纳(Miner)法和应力寿命曲线(S-N)推导变幅多级载荷下等效应力及强度判据公式;结合ANSYS有限元分析软件和柯顿-多兰(Certon-Dolan)理论,通过APDL(Ansys Pa- rameter Design Language)参数化建模,分析出不同载荷下应力集中的部位,将有限元网格划分的危险部位节点单元的应力值取出,代入理论公式估算疲劳寿命,具体分析多级载荷加载次序对疲劳寿命的影响,比较Miner方法和Certon-Dolan方法优劣,并提供设计参考数据和理论判据。     

Plastic deformation of ship plate subjected to repeated patch loads at different locations - Elastoplastic numerical analysis and design equation

Ship structures may be subjected to repeated random patch loads at different locations. Under these circumstances, ship plates will have large accumulated permanent deformations, which will result in some serious negative effects on their work and safety performance. Therefore, the elasto-plastic response of ship structure under repeated patch loads at different locations are studied by using finite element method. The permanent deformations of plate in the whole loading and unloading process are investigated. In addition, the residual stress and plastic strain states of the panel and stiffeners are studied based on a typical wheel-on-deck interaction scenario. Moreover, according to Hughes's hypothesis, the equivalent method between repeated patch loads at different locations and full uniform pressure load is studied. Considered the influence of plate slenderness, the improved formula for equivalent load coefficient is proposed, showing a good correlation with experimental data and numerical results. The proposed equivalent method can be used for estimating the permanent deformations of ship structures under repeated patch loads at different locations in ship life.     

Fatigue life prediction of welded ship details

Ship structures are submitted to variable cyclic loading during navigation. The cyclic motion of waves induces variable and complex loadings in the structure, which could generate fatigue damage. Moreover, most of these metallic structures are welded assemblies. This technique generates local stress concentrations at the weld toe, which becomes a critical area regarding fatigue. In previous works, a methodology to predict fatigue life was developed and tested on butt-welded and cruciform joints. The present work focuses on other welded assemblies in order to extend fatigue crack initiation life evaluation to a wider range of ship details. The strategy could be split into two steps. First, a finite element calculation is performed under constant or variable amplitude loadings, in order to analyze the elastic shakedown of the structure. To characterize the material heterogeneity of the welded joint, experimental tests together with micro-hardness measurements, are performed on a simulated heat-affected zone. If there is a shakedown in the structure, a post-treatment is applied to predict the fatigue crack initiation. It is based on a two-scale damage model, initially developed by Lemaitre et al. and again includes the heterogeneity of fatigue properties. To validate this methodology, some experimental tests have been performed on welded assemblies which are typical of shipbuilding applications, using a fatigue machine. These comparisons between experimental and numerical fatigue lives are encouraging.     

有效应力强度因子幅值计算模型的验证

裂纹闭合效应在金属疲劳中有着十分重要的作用,裂纹闭合概念已经用于解释变幅载荷作用下的裂纹扩展问题,已提出了许多基于裂纹闭合概念的有效应力强度因子计算模型.黄等人在Newman模型的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面且便于应用的有效应力强度因子幅计算模型以及变幅载荷下工程结构疲劳寿命预测模型.为了验证该模型对不同材料的有效性和适应性,收集了一些相关的试验数据,和该模型的预测结果对比发现该模型的预测结果和试验数据符合得很好.对几种钢、铝合金和钛合金材料在不同应力比下的裂纹扩展速率数据用该模型转换成用有效应力强度因子表示的裂纹扩展速率,结果表明由有效应力强度因子幅表示的扩展速率将不同应力比下较分散的裂纹扩展率数据集中在一个很小的分散带内,同时得到了有参考价值的的一些结论.