Study of damaged ship motions taking into account floodwater dynamics

This paper presents an application of shallow water theory to describe the motion of floodwater inside a rolling ship in damage condition. The time domain theoretical approach to the coupled problems of ship and water inside compartment motions is briefly described, including the method used to solve for the water motion characteristics and forces exerted on the ship. This approach is applied to the study of the behaviour of a passenger Ro–Ro ship in regular beam seas and numerical results are given for the intact and damaged conditions. Comparison is made with experimental results. For the damaged condition, the characteristics of the floodwater motion are studied in the time domain for a number of different wave frequencies. The shape of the free-surface and phase of water motion in relation to the ship roll motion are shown for several wave frequencies. The dynamic floodwater roll moment is also shown and compared with the static roll moment (flat horizontal free surface), allowing the conclusion that the dynamic roll moment is much larger than the static roll moment, for high wave frequencies, and is in phase opposition in relation to the roll motion.     

基于船舶运动信息的航行海域海浪特性预报

以船舶自身为波浪测量仪,致力于采集方便而又尽可能少的船舶运动信号以提取航行海域实时海浪特性.由于估计中不依赖原始理论计算的传递函数,不需要附带波浪采集装置,而仅利用航行中船舶运动的观测序列完成海浪谱反演,故该海浪测量方法可适应船舶自身运动参数的变化.另一方面,由于反演估计的船舶运动频率响应特性,与事先计算或以其它实验方法得到的船舶运动频率响应特性得以比较,可以深化、修正对许多不易实时测量的海浪激励状态与船舶运动响应关系的认识,并积累船舶工程研究设计所必需的相关海域海浪谱信息.     

基于神经网络的围网渔船横摇运动研究

为了快速预报一艘65 m的围网渔船在任意载况规则波中横摇运动频率响应函数及不规则波中各海况下的横摇角有义值,应用神经网络的原理和算法,以该船7种实际航运载况的耐波性计算数据为训练样本,建立满足精度要求的围网渔船横摇运动神经网络预估模型。并分析吃水、重心高度、航速和浪向对横摇运动的影响。该模型可应用于风浪中船舶航行安全性评估。     

船舶运动姿态测量系统设计与实现

为了获取海上航行船舶及自航模试验中船模的姿态参数,设计一种基于MEMS(微机电系统)技术的波高倾斜一体化传感器的船舶运动姿态测量系统.此系统通过MEMS波高传感器对船舶升沉信息进行采集,利用倾角传感器对船舶的纵摇和横摇姿态信息进行采集,采集到的信息经多路A/D转换后送入单片机进行处理,实时得出船舶运动的升沉、纵摇及横摇变化.经处理后的三组数据由船舶运动姿态测量系统通过RS-485串口送到数据接收处理机存储、分析并实时显示船舶运动的姿态变化曲线,该数据接收处理软件采用VC++编写.经过大量试验及海上测试,该系统性能稳定,测量精度高,具有较大的实用价值.     

Forecasting fishing vessel responses in coastal areas

A system for forecasting the operability of ships was developed by extending a wave forecasting system with the ship responses to the forecast sea states. The system produces 4-day wave forecasts in an implementation for the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, where the vessels’ seakeeping performance is forecast, although the method presented could well be applied to any other coastal region. The proposed procedure requires the knowledge of the transfer functions for different ship speeds and headings. The computations are made for two different types of fishing vessels that currently operate in the Portuguese coast. Ship motions and derived responses are evaluated with a strip theory code and compared with the prescribed values of relevant seakeeping criteria that represent the limit conditions that still allow standard operational conditions for those vessels. For each forecast sea state at each grid point at a given time, the response spectrum is calculated and operability indexes are computed and compared with the maximum allowed values for a specific operation criterion. The results are presented as operational index maps for various areas of the Portuguese coast, and the information provided by system will help ship masters to plan the operation of their ships, namely to decide the areas to operate in anticipation. In this way, they can identify areas in which the level of operationally of their ships will be degraded due to weather conditions and avoid them.     

波浪中破损船舶的运动响应研究

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者的相互影响机理十分复杂.本文重点研究波浪中破舱进出水对船舶运动响应的影响,文中首先基于势流理论建立了考虑破舱进出水的4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合时域预报方法,在计算中假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda's经验公式修正阻尼系数.然后以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了波浪中考虑破舱进出水的数学模型以及破舱进出水对运动响应的影响,并研究了不同自由度、破舱口位置对运动响应的影响.研究表明,本文基于势流理论建立的时域预报方法可以定量的预报破损船舶的运动响应.     

Model experiment reproducing an incident of fast ferry

A model scale experiment at a new basin reproduced a phenomenon occurring for a fast ferry; large roll motion and subsequent cargo shift in a quartering sea. Wave generators surrounding the whole periphery of the basin realized a designated directional sea. A carriage system tracked a free-running model ship and a movable weight simulated the cargo shift. Measuring the directional wave field in the basin confirmed the all-around wave generator successfully reproduced the intended wave field that was estimated for the location and the time of the incident. The encounter wave spectrum analyzed using measured data agree well with the theoretically predicted one. The reproduced ship motion, triggered by a small concentrating wave, tells how the ship responded in the successive large quartering waves and the validity of the procedure to reproduce the incident. Repeated measurements of the model ship’s extreme motion confirm a high repeatability of the experiment.     

参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

国外核动力潜艇耐波性理论预报

采用STF理论和Frank源分布-紧密拟合法对国外核潜艇潜望状态进行了纵荡、垂荡、纵摇、横荡、横摇、艏摇和垂向加速度等波频运动耐波性理论预报.给出了不同航速、航向时的规则波运动响应和不同航速、航向、波高、波浪平均周期时的不规则波运动统计值.对典型艇型进行变化稳心高、纵向和横向惯性系数计算.最后对各艇进行了耐波性能比较.     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

Onboard monitoring of fatigue damage rates in the hull girder

Most new advanced ships have extensive data collection systems to be used for continuous monitoring of engine and hull performance, for voyage performance evaluation etc. Such systems could be expanded to include also procedures for stress monitoring and for decision support, where the most critical wave-induced ship extreme responses and fatigue damage accumulation can be estimated for hypothetical changes in ship course and speed in the automatically estimated wave environment.The aim of this paper is to outline a calculation procedure for fatigue damage rate prediction in hull girders taking into account whipping stresses. It is conceptually shown how such a method, which integrates onboard estimation of sea states, can be used to deduce decision support with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage in the hull girder.The paper firstly presents a set of measured full-scale wave-induced stress ranges in a container ship, where the associated fatigue damage rates calculated from a combination of the rain-flow counting method and the Palmgren-Miner damage rule are compared with damage predictions obtained from a computationally much faster frequency fatigue analysis using a spectral method. This analysis verifies the applied multi-modal spectral analysis procedure for fatigue estimation for cases where hull girder flexibility plays a role.To obtain an automated prediction method for the fatigue damage rates it is in the second part of the paper shown how a combination of the full-scale onboard acceleration and stress measurements can be used to calculate sea state parameters. These calculated environmental data are verified by a comparison to hindcast data.In the third part of the paper the full-scale fatigue stress ranges are compared to results from an analytical design oriented calculation procedure for flexible ship hulls in short-term estimated sea states.Altogether, it is conceptually shown that by a combination of the onboard estimated sea state parameters with the described analytical fatigue damage prediction procedure a method can be established for real-time onboard decision support which includes estimates of fatigue damage rates.     

Difference in ship motion and wave load in long and short crested irregular waves北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To investigate ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves and overcome the limitations of the traditional 2D wave assumption, this paper develops a method for predicting ship motion and load responses in short-crested waves. [Method]The long- and short-term responses of ship motion and load in long- and short-crested waves are numerically predicted using the spectral analysis and statistical probability methods, respectively. The influence of directional function on ship response is also numerically analyzed. Moreover, tank model tests and a large-scale model sea trial are comparatively conducted to validate the difference between ship response and statistics in long- and short-crested irregular waves. [Results]The results show that when navigating against the waves in the same sea condition, the long-crested wave assumption overestimates the statistical mean value of ship load response, but underestimates extreme load in real seas. For long-crested waves, the ship motion and acceleration power spectrum is concentrated around a certain frequency band. [Conclusion]Ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves are significantly different from those in 2D long-crested waves. The directional function of short-crested waves also has a significant effect on ship motion and load responses. © 2023 The Author(s).     

Prediction of Stabilization of Ship in Random Wave

In this paper we show thc method of energy in part with which we can get the model of random wave,and predict theroll motion of unstabilized ship and stabilized ship using the wave model.The control parameters of fin stabilizer are determinedaccording to the performance index. The simulation of the system is also made in this paper. The comparison of the simulationwith real ship indicates that the method can be used in the prediction of roll motion of a stabilized ship in random wave.     

波浪运动补偿平台广义升沉位移的实时预报

具有波浪运动补偿功能的稳定平台可有效减少船舶在风浪中的摇摆和升沉运动对某些海上作业和设备的影响.为了有效地进行波浪运动补偿,需要对该平台的广义升沉位移(横摇、纵摇以及升沉的耦合作用结果)进行极短时预报.本文采用时间序列分析理论中的自回归(AR)模型作为预报模型,对波浪运动补偿平台的广义升沉位移进行极短时预报.在以往的研究中,通常采用递推最小二乘法AR模型进行在线参数估计.但是采用递推最小二乘法进行参数估计容易引起参数爆发,从而影响AR模型的稳定性.针对该问题,本文采用阻尼递推最小二乘法对AR模型进行在线参数估计,并结合实验获得的平台控制点的广义升沉位移数据进行实时建模预报.仿真结果表明,采用阻尼递推最小二乘法进行参数估计能抑制参数爆发,并能提高AR模型实时预报精度.     

舵减摇系统的滑动控制

研究舰船在波浪中的横摇运动特性,探讨舵减摇系统控制机理。在考虑舵作为减摇设备使用的特性基础上,进行滑动控制规律设计,所得算法简单、实用性强     

基于随机Melnikov方法的甲板上浪船舶混沌运动研究

应用随机Melnikov方法和庞加莱截面研究甲板上浪时船舶的混沌运动。考虑甲板上浪对船舶静稳性的影响,建立随机横浪中船舶横摇运动方程。由随机Melnikov过程结合均方准则确定船舶产生混沌运动的参数域,计算不同参数域中船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面和时间历程。结果表明,增加船舶阻尼将抑制混沌运动的发生。甲板上浪时船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面上有两个吸引域,船舶运动过程有两个横摇中心。在非混沌参数域中,船舶只围绕其中的一个横摇中心运动;在混沌参数域中,发生由一个横摇中心到另一个横摇中心的随机跳跃。     

Discussion on the parameters of design waves

In order to respond the discredit on the design wave standard and to recommend new consideration on design wave parameters, based on the long-term distribution of statistic characteristics of waves and the short-term probability properties of sea state defined by giving the return period, the calculation of the return period, the height, the period, and the oceanic wave parameters of the design wave and the forecasting methods are discussed in this paper. To provide references for the operation reliability of floating structures in the extreme sea state, the method of determining the design wave parameters is resurveyed. A proposal is recommended that the design wave, which can be either significant wave with 500-year of the return period, or the maximum wave with 1/N of exceeding probability, 100-year of the return period, can be applied in the engineering design practice.     

船舶在波浪中频域分析

船舶在波浪中的响应一直被船舶工程师广泛关注。本文以Wigley船为对象,采用线性回归计算船舶在规则波中运动的附加质量,采用刘易斯法计算阻尼系数。以新切片理论为基础建立和求解频域内的垂荡和纵摇的耦合运动方程,得到船舶在频域中的运动响应和波浪载荷,并与三维网格法的计算结果进行比较,表明这是一种可靠的、简单快捷的计算船舶在波浪中响应的方法。     

LNG船运动响应数值计算与试验研究

随着能源需求的增加和人们环保意识的增强,天然气作为一种清洁能源越来越受到青睐。对于液化天然气的海上长距离运输, LNG船无疑是最有效、最经济的选择。耐波性作为船舶安全性能的一个重要指标,在船舶的设计和运营过程中必须考虑。本文采用挪威船级社 SESAM软件计算了 LNG船在规则波中的六自由度运动响应,研究航速和浪向对其运动的影响。根据相关要求制作船模进行其在规则波中的耐波性试验,并将计算结果跟试验结果进行对比。结果表明：浪向对其运动响应影响较大,横浪时升沉、横摇响应最大,迎浪时纵摇响应最大;计算结果与试验结果的变化规律吻合较好。