波浪中破损船舶运动的时域预报

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者相互影响。因此,准确地评估波浪中考虑破舱进出水影响的破损船体运动是十分复杂的。论文提出采用一种基于势流理论的方法进行波浪中破损船体运动的预报,该方法假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda`s经验公式修正阻尼系数,采用4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合的时域方法评估波浪中破损船体的运动。文中以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了规则波中破损船体的运动响应;通过计算结果和模型试验的对比,验证了论文采用方法的有效性,并研究了破舱口位置对运动响应的影响。研究表明,论文采用的数值模拟方法结合合理的横摇阻尼模型,可以定量地评估破损船舶在波浪中的运动。     

破损进出水对船舶参数横摇的影响（英文）

船舶破损进水不一定会导致船舶倾覆,在破损流动过程以及破损流动达到稳定之后,破损船舶的运动特性非常值得研究。文章主要基于CFD方法和势流方法研究了破损进水对船舶参数横摇的影响。首先基于非定常RANS方程结合VOF方法,研究了破损舱室的破损流动过程,并且通过已有的模型试验,验证了计算方法的可靠性;然后,基于三维时域混合源法,考虑破损进出/水引起的额外载荷,研究了破损流动对破损船舶参数横摇运动的影响。研究表明,破损流动对横摇幅值的影响类似于被动减摇水舱,并且影响力度与破损舱室所在的纵向位置有关。     

考虑波浪作用影响的船舶破舱进水横摇时域分析

进行了船舶在横向规则波中舱室破损进水的二维时域模拟,采用准静态法,认为所有进水液面为水平,进水过程考虑破口内外液面变化,应用简化的水动力模型(伯努利方程)计算进水体积及进水倾斜力矩.考虑波浪静水压力作用,研究横向规则波频率、波高、破口位置对船舶破舱进水横摇运动时历影响.     

底部和舷侧破损船舶运动时域预报方法

针对船体破损后舱室进水引起的内外水体流动及船舶运动特性变化，提出了一种基于势流理论的破损船舶运动快速预报方法，借助修正的伯努利方程处理破损口处的进出水，通过瞬时湿表面积分获得破损船舶所受的水动力。以ITTC破损流动标模为对象，研究了该预报方法在舷侧破损和底部破损两种工况下的适用性。结果表明，论文提出的破损船舶运动预报方法能较为准确地预报船舶运动及透气舱室中的破损流动，但对气密舱室中破损流动的预报精度有待提高，后续模型将进一步考虑气体压缩性引起的舱室压力变化。     

基于全时域势流理论的船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动的数值计算

基于三维线性有航速时域势流理论计算船体时域运动外域波浪力,同时采用三维全非线性时域势流理论来计算舱内液体的非线性晃荡所诱导力与力矩,进而建立了波浪中载液船舶耦合运动方程。该方法能够完整地考虑波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的实时耦合作用。研究结果表明:通过模型实验和数值模拟计算的对比,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,无航速船体运动RAO与模型实验结果吻合良好,有航速运动计算合乎预期。     

横倾船舶三维非定常扰动势流特性

当船舶出现破损淹舱或者在波浪中做横摇运动时,船体都会出现横倾,这会使得船舶在水面下的湿表面与正浮时不再相同,船体周围的非定常流场因此会发生改变。本文基于三维线性势流理论,使用奇点分布法对具有不同横倾角的Wigley III船型的非定常扰动速度势展开计算,进而求解Wigley III船型水动力系数与波浪激励力。计算结果表明,横倾对垂荡、横摇、纵摇水动力系数的影响比较明显;在顶浪下,横倾对横向的波浪激励力影响显著。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件 WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用 Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模 DTMB5512为对象,采用 WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明：利用 WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用 WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模DTMB5512为对象,采用WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明:利用WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

液舱晃荡对船舶横摇运动影响的数值研究

为了研究加载液舱在船舶航行时舱内液体晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,对船体外流场(波浪场)与液舱内流场(液体非线性晃荡)分别采用势流理论方法计算,建立了在波浪中船体与液舱流体晃荡耦合的时域运动方程。其中波浪中船体水动力和时延函数采用三维频域法和脉冲响应函数法计算获得,舱内液体非线性晃荡采用时域边界元法计算。对横浪中加载了方形液舱的15000GT集装箱船在不同液舱装载深度工况下,就液舱流体晃荡及其与船体运动耦合分别进行了计算模拟与验证。研究表明,耦合运动模拟结果能清晰地反映液舱晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,数值结果与试验吻合良好,并具有较高的计算效率。     

FPSO液舱晃荡与船舶时域耦合运动数值模拟

液舱晃荡对船舶运动产生的影响经常被忽略或线性化处理,而当液舱液量较低时,船舶运动与液舱晃荡耦合的非线性性是极为显著的。通过对加入液舱内液体粘性影响的时域方程进行求解,分析FPSO模型船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动,并将求解结果与试验数据和频域方程求解结果进行对比。首先,采用Hydrostar软件基于频域势流理论得到水动力系数以及波浪载荷。然后,通过脉冲响应函数法(IRF)在时域积分得到波浪辐射力。最后,计算船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动。一方面,通过CFD软件Fluent模拟液舱晃荡,获取晃荡所产生的力及力矩,并以外力形式加载于船体,得到船舶运动响应;另一方面,在船舶运动仿真计算结果的基础上求解液舱晃荡运动。结果显示:这种计算船舶与液舱晃荡时域耦合运动的方法较频域计算方法更为精确,且得到的船舶幅值响应算子(RAO)也符合试验结果。     

Study of damaged ship motions taking into account floodwater dynamics

This paper presents an application of shallow water theory to describe the motion of floodwater inside a rolling ship in damage condition. The time domain theoretical approach to the coupled problems of ship and water inside compartment motions is briefly described, including the method used to solve for the water motion characteristics and forces exerted on the ship. This approach is applied to the study of the behaviour of a passenger Ro–Ro ship in regular beam seas and numerical results are given for the intact and damaged conditions. Comparison is made with experimental results. For the damaged condition, the characteristics of the floodwater motion are studied in the time domain for a number of different wave frequencies. The shape of the free-surface and phase of water motion in relation to the ship roll motion are shown for several wave frequencies. The dynamic floodwater roll moment is also shown and compared with the static roll moment (flat horizontal free surface), allowing the conclusion that the dynamic roll moment is much larger than the static roll moment, for high wave frequencies, and is in phase opposition in relation to the roll motion.     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

损管训练模拟系统在舰船中的应用研究

基于舰船六自由度运动模型,提出Vegar环境中舰船运动模型的数学表示及其C＋＋语言描述方法,构建基于Vegar[1]的交互式舰船六自由度三维实景仿真系统,解算破损状态下舰船的参数,拟合破损舰船静稳度曲线,反映舰船在破损状态下的浮性与稳性特征,提供多样化的损管决策方式,训练指挥员对破损的处置能力,评估损管决策方案的科学程度,提高指挥员组织指挥舰船损管的水平。     

Probabilistic analysis of the hull-girder still water loads on a shuttle tanker in full load condition,for parametrically distributed collision damage spaces

Box-shaped damage affected volumes are applied, with parametric variation of their positions and extensions, to an otherwise intact shuttle tanker in full load condition. The vessel's deadweight is numerically calculated and the lightweight is estimated using semi-empirical formulations to a great extent. For each damage configuration, the final position attained by the ship is investigated and the corresponding global loads are assessed, in terms of still water vertical bending moment and shear force. The ship is considered to be floating in the absence of waves and a quasi-static version of a generalized adaptive mesh pressure integration technique code, for progressive flooding of floating objects, is used to model the progression of the floodwater and the vessel's attitude. The probabilistic model suggested by the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization (MEPC-IMO) is considered for the collision induced probabilistic distribution of the damage boxes. A total of 90 damage cases are considered and comparisons of the maximum loads and the location where these take place is carried out relative to the intact case. The minimum design values for still water bending moment and shear force, included in the Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Tankers of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), are introduced in the analysis and their envelopes are compared with the numerically obtained values in light of a probabilistic assessment. Several conclusions are taken regarding the effects of the damage parameters variation, and important findings are presented specifically when accounting for the MEPC-IMO probabilistic distribution, in opposition to a uniform distribution of the damage cases.     

破损舰船运动与波浪载荷预报方法

为了研究舰船舱室破损对船体运动与波浪载荷的影响,采用三维频域势流理论,计算了发生第二类舱室破损后舰船在斜浪规则波上的运动与垂向弯矩。以一典型破损情况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态及稳性,并与破损前进行了比较,结果显示,横摇运动及垂向弯矩明显增加,而其它5个自由度运动则有所减小。基于船舶静力学原理,分析了舰船破损对浮态及稳性的影响。最后,使用格林函数法研究了舱室进水导致的液舱晃荡,结果表明,液舱晃荡附加质量在某些频率附近有明显的共振效应,必须通过阻尼系数考虑流体粘性的影响,避免产生非物理结果。     

空气可压缩性对船舶破舱进水的影响

在船舶破舱进水过程中,船舱内外流体动力行为非常复杂。本文采用CFD方法研究了考虑空气可压缩性影响情况下的船舶破舱进水动力学问题。研究中建立了基于求解RANS方程的船舶破舱进水计算模型,对姿态固定的破损箱型驳船进水过程进行时域模拟。将数值模拟结果与模型试验结果进行比较,验证了本研究所采用的计算模型的有效性。对数值模拟结果进行分析,如舱内水位变化情况、水体流经破口及在舱内蔓延现象及空气可压缩性对船舶破舱进水过程的影响。     

On the use of the autocorrelation function to identify the damage in the side shell of a ship''s hull

When structural damage occurs, the dynamic characteristics of the structure changes correspondingly. This can be used to detect damage occurrence. In this paper, an autocorrelation function was utilized to identify damage in the side shell of ship structures using a combination of experimental and numerical studies. A stiffened plate was used to model the side shell of a ship structure. The damage was simulated by a cut in the longitudinal near the transverse member. The cut was made using a hacksaw. An experimental study using modal testing methods was carried out to measure the random response time history of the undamaged and damaged stiffened plate model. The random response time history was used to obtain its autocorrelation function and its random decrement signature. The autocorrelation function was then compared with the random decrement signature. Finite element models were developed for the stiffened plate, in the undamaged and damaged conditions. The random responses of the model were used to obtain the autocorrelation functions. The autocorrelation functions obtained numerically were compared to the ones obtained experimentally. The results indicate that the autocorrelation functions can be used to identify the occurrence of damage in the stiffened plate model.     

国外船舶破损稳性理论分析

船舶破损后的稳性问题是长期困扰造船界的难题,它涉及随机海况下破损船舶的摇摆、进水和倾覆等多方面的复杂技术问题。简要叙述了国外船舶破损进水后的稳性理论计算研究状况,介绍了国际上在破损船舶动力学模型、舱内进水与船体的相互作用、破损口处的进流与出流模拟等3方面的研究进展。研究表明,三自由度耦合的数学模型在处理舷侧破损问题方面很有效,而六自由度非线性数学模型是未来船舶破损稳性计算的发展趋势,而且必须将船体与进水当作相互高度耦合的动力系统,采用水动力学进水模型进行处理。今后,还需采用模型试验深入观测波浪中船舶破损后的物理现象,以了解破损稳性机理。     

具有淹水舱的舰船横摇运动建模探讨

舰船在风浪中横摇运动特性是影响舰船航行安全的主要因素,而当舰船由于碰撞、搁浅等意外事故造成船体破损进水后,具有淹水舱的舰船在风浪中的横摇运动将变得更加复杂,更加危险,文章系统地分析了具有淹水舱的舰船在波浪中横摇运动时船和舱内水的能量耦合作用,根据拉格朗日方程建立了具有淹水舱的舰船横摇运动两自由度微分方程,并在此基础上,用Melnikov方法对某实船破损进水后的横摇运动进行了非线性分析,验证了所建模型的实用性,为进一步分析破损进水舰船在风浪中的横摇运动特性提供了可行的数学模型.     

有限水深中破损船舶的运动与波浪载荷研究

由于有限水深中船舶搁浅和触礁等严重破损事故频发,为了减少事故的发生,对有限水深中船舶破损后的运动及波浪载荷的研究显得十分必要。文章基于三维势流理论,引入有限水深自由面Green函数,在频域内使用奇点分布法对一艘首部破损进水的散货船在有限水深中的运动与波浪载荷展开了计算,并根据劳氏船级社规范做了短期预报。短期预报结果表明,该散货船破损进水后,船体所受垂向和水平波浪弯矩均比破损前有明显增加,且在较浅水深中变化更为显著。